Muscles of the Pharynx and Neck Flashcards
Characteristics of the muscles of the pharynx
Movements are involved with speaking, swallowing and middle ear function
Include the stylophanryngeus, pharyngeal constrictor muscles and soft palate muscles
What nerves innervate the stylopharyngeus?
glossopharyngeal nerve
What nerves innervate the pharyngeal constrictors?
Pharyngeal plexus: pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
What is the action of the stylopharyngeus?
raises and widens the pharynx
origin and insertion of the stylopharyngeus
origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall
Action of the superior pharyngeal constrictor
raises pharynx and larynx and helps push bolus toward esophagus
origin and insertion of superior pharyngeal constrictor
origin: pterygoid hamulus, mandible and pterygomandibular raphe
insertion: medial pharyngeal raphe/ pharyngeal aponeurosis
Action of the middle pharyngeal constrictor
rises pharynx and larynx and pushes bolus toward esophagus
origin and insertion of middl pharyngeal constrictor
origin: hyoid bone/ stylohyoid ligament
insertion: medial pharyngeal raphe/pharyngeal aponeurosis
action of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
raises pharynx and larynx and pushes bolus to esophagus
origin and insertion of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
origin: thyroid and cricoid cartilage
insertion: medial pharyngeal raphe/ pharyngeal aponeurosis
Characteristics of cervical muscles
Include: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Both are in superficial positions and are the most superficial of the cervical muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterolateral part of neck
Divides lateral neck region forming anterior/posterior cervical triangles
Trapezius
Posterior part of the neck
Covers lateral/posterior surfaces of the neck and upper back
Forms a broad, flat triangle
What are the cervical muscles innervated by?
Spinal accessory nerve
Action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
One side contracts- head turns to one side
Both sides contract- head tilts backward
Origin of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Medial portion of clavicle and superior on lateral surfaces of sternum
Insertion of sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid process of temporal bone, posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus
Action of the trapezius
Helps cervical vertebrae support the head and neck.
Lifts the clavicle and scapula in a shrug
Origin of trapezius
External surface of occipital bone and the posterior midline of the clavicle and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion of trapezius
Lateral third of the clavicle and scapula
