Muscles of the Tongue and Soft Palate Flashcards
Characteristics of the muscles of the tongue
2 Groups: Intrinsic and extrinsic
Formed by symmetrical halves
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Origin and insertion are INSIDE the tongue
- Act to change the shape during mastication, speech and swallowing
- Innervated by the facial nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Origin OUTSIDE tongue, insertion INSIDE
- Act to move the tongue, suspends and anchors it to mandible, styloid process and hyoid bone during mastication, speech and swallowing
- Innervated by the hypoglossal canal nerve
Median lingual sulcus
Depression at midline of tongue
Median septum
deep fibrous structure in the idline of the tongue, corresponds w/ median lingual sulcus
Divisions of the tongue
Apex
Body: dorsal, lateral, ventral surfaces
Base/root
What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse (horizontal)
Vertical
Action of the superior longitudinal
alters shape
origin and insertion of the superior longitudinal
origin: base, dorsal surface
insertion: apex, dorsal surface
Action of the inferior longitudinal
alters shape
Origin and insertion of the inferior longitudinal
origin: base, ventral surface
insertion: apex, ventral surface
Action of the transverse muscle
Alters shape
Origin and insertion of the transverse muscle
origin: median septum, deep to superior longitudinal
insertion: Lateral surface, deep to superior longitudinal
Action of the vertical muscle of the tongue
Alters shape
Origin and insertion of the vertical muscle
origin: dorsal surface/body of tongue
insertion: ventral surface/ body of tongue
What are the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Action of the hypoglossus
depresses tongue
origin and insertion of the hypoglossus
origin: greater horn and body of the hyoid
insertion: lateral surface of body of tongue
Action of the styloglossus
retracts the tongue, moving superioposteriorly
Origin and insertion of the styloglossus
origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: lateral apex & lateral borders
Action of the genioglossus
Protrudes and depresses portions of the tongue
origin and insertion of the genioglossus
origin: genial tubercles
insertion: from the base to the apex (some fibers insert on the hyoid bone)
Characteristics of the muscles of the soft palate
Located in the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth and connects laterally w/ the tongue
Involved with speaking and swallowing
Which muscles of the soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve)?
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvula
Levator Veli Palatini
Which muscle of the soft palate is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal?
Tensor Veli Palatini
Action of the palatoglossus
raises base of tongue, arches tongue, sepresses soft palate
origin and insertion of the palatoglossus
origin: median palatine raphe
insertion: Tongue
Action of the palatopharyngeus
Closes off nasopharynx by moving palate posterioinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly
Origin and insertion of palatopharyngeus
origin: posterior border of the hard palate and palatine bone
insertion: laryngopharynx walls & thyroid cartilage
Action of the musculus uvula
closes off nasopharynx by shortening and broadening uvula, altering contour of palate & allowing adaptation to posterior pharyngeal wall
Origin and insertion of musculus uvula
origin: posterior margin of soft palate
insertion: apex of uvula
Action of levator veli palatini
closes of nasopharynx & opens the internal auditory canal by raising the soft palate & allowing it to contact the posterior pharyngeal wall
Origin and insertion of levator veli palatini
origin: medial cartilage of internal auditory tube and apex of petrous
insertion: palatine aponeurosis and median palatine raphe area
Action of tensor veli palatini
closes off the nasopharynx and opens the internal auditory canal by tensing and slightly lowering the palate
Origin and insertion of the tensor levi palatini
origin: lateral cartilage of the internal auditory canal and scaphoid fossa of the sphenoid bone above pterygoid fossa
insertion: tendon near pterygoid hamulus and continues to the median palatine raphe
