Muscles of the Tongue and Soft Palate

Question 1

Characteristics of the muscles of the tongue

Answer 1

2 Groups: Intrinsic and extrinsic

Formed by symmetrical halves

Question 2

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 2

• Origin and insertion are INSIDE the tongue
• Act to change the shape during mastication, speech and swallowing
• Innervated by the facial nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 3

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 3

• Origin OUTSIDE tongue, insertion INSIDE
• Act to move the tongue, suspends and anchors it to mandible, styloid process and hyoid bone during mastication, speech and swallowing
• Innervated by the hypoglossal canal nerve

Question 4

Median lingual sulcus

Answer 4

Depression at midline of tongue

Question 5

Median septum

Answer 5

deep fibrous structure in the idline of the tongue, corresponds w/ median lingual sulcus

Question 6

Divisions of the tongue

Answer 6

Apex
Body: dorsal, lateral, ventral surfaces
Base/root

Question 7

What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 7

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse (horizontal)
Vertical

Question 8

Action of the superior longitudinal

Answer 8

alters shape

Question 9

origin and insertion of the superior longitudinal

Answer 9

origin: base, dorsal surface
insertion: apex, dorsal surface

Question 10

Action of the inferior longitudinal

Answer 10

alters shape

Question 11

Origin and insertion of the inferior longitudinal

Answer 11

origin: base, ventral surface
insertion: apex, ventral surface

Question 12

Action of the transverse muscle

Answer 12

Alters shape

Question 13

Origin and insertion of the transverse muscle

Answer 13

origin: median septum, deep to superior longitudinal
insertion: Lateral surface, deep to superior longitudinal

Question 14

Action of the vertical muscle of the tongue

Answer 14

Alters shape

Question 15

Origin and insertion of the vertical muscle

Answer 15

origin: dorsal surface/body of tongue
insertion: ventral surface/ body of tongue

Question 16

What are the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 16

Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus

Question 17

Action of the hypoglossus

Answer 17

depresses tongue

Question 18

origin and insertion of the hypoglossus

Answer 18

origin: greater horn and body of the hyoid
insertion: lateral surface of body of tongue

Question 19

Action of the styloglossus

Answer 19

retracts the tongue, moving superioposteriorly

Question 20

Origin and insertion of the styloglossus

Answer 20

origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: lateral apex & lateral borders

Question 21

Action of the genioglossus

Answer 21

Protrudes and depresses portions of the tongue

Question 22

origin and insertion of the genioglossus

Answer 22

origin: genial tubercles
insertion: from the base to the apex (some fibers insert on the hyoid bone)

Question 23

Characteristics of the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 23

Located in the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth and connects laterally w/ the tongue

Involved with speaking and swallowing

Question 24

Which muscles of the soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve)?

Answer 24

Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvula
Levator Veli Palatini

Question 25

Which muscle of the soft palate is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal?

Answer 25

Tensor Veli Palatini

Question 26

Action of the palatoglossus

Answer 26

raises base of tongue, arches tongue, sepresses soft palate

Question 27

origin and insertion of the palatoglossus

Answer 27

origin: median palatine raphe insertion: Tongue

Question 28

Action of the palatopharyngeus

Answer 28

Closes off nasopharynx by moving palate posterioinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly

Question 29

Origin and insertion of palatopharyngeus

Answer 29

origin: posterior border of the hard palate and palatine bone insertion: laryngopharynx walls & thyroid cartilage

Question 30

Action of the musculus uvula

Answer 30

closes off nasopharynx by shortening and broadening uvula, altering contour of palate & allowing adaptation to posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 31

Origin and insertion of musculus uvula

Answer 31

origin: posterior margin of soft palate insertion: apex of uvula

Question 32

Action of levator veli palatini

Answer 32

closes of nasopharynx & opens the internal auditory canal by raising the soft palate & allowing it to contact the posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 33

Origin and insertion of levator veli palatini

Answer 33

origin: medial cartilage of internal auditory tube and apex of petrous insertion: palatine aponeurosis and median palatine raphe area

Question 34

Action of tensor veli palatini

Answer 34

closes off the nasopharynx and opens the internal auditory canal by tensing and slightly lowering the palate

Question 35

Origin and insertion of the tensor levi palatini

Answer 35

origin: lateral cartilage of the internal auditory canal and scaphoid fossa of the sphenoid bone above pterygoid fossa insertion: tendon near pterygoid hamulus and continues to the median palatine raphe