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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Muscles of the Tongue and Soft Palate > Flashcards

Muscles of the Tongue and Soft Palate Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of the muscles of the tongue

A

2 Groups: Intrinsic and extrinsic

Formed by symmetrical halves

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2
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Origin and insertion are INSIDE the tongue
  • Act to change the shape during mastication, speech and swallowing
  • Innervated by the facial nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve
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3
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Origin OUTSIDE tongue, insertion INSIDE
  • Act to move the tongue, suspends and anchors it to mandible, styloid process and hyoid bone during mastication, speech and swallowing
  • Innervated by the hypoglossal canal nerve
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4
Q

Median lingual sulcus

A

Depression at midline of tongue

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5
Q

Median septum

A

deep fibrous structure in the idline of the tongue, corresponds w/ median lingual sulcus

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6
Q

Divisions of the tongue

A

Apex
Body: dorsal, lateral, ventral surfaces
Base/root

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7
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse (horizontal)
Vertical

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8
Q

Action of the superior longitudinal

A

alters shape

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9
Q

origin and insertion of the superior longitudinal

A

origin: base, dorsal surface
insertion: apex, dorsal surface

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10
Q

Action of the inferior longitudinal

A

alters shape

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11
Q

Origin and insertion of the inferior longitudinal

A

origin: base, ventral surface
insertion: apex, ventral surface

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12
Q

Action of the transverse muscle

A

Alters shape

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13
Q

Origin and insertion of the transverse muscle

A

origin: median septum, deep to superior longitudinal
insertion: Lateral surface, deep to superior longitudinal

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14
Q

Action of the vertical muscle of the tongue

A

Alters shape

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15
Q

Origin and insertion of the vertical muscle

A

origin: dorsal surface/body of tongue
insertion: ventral surface/ body of tongue

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16
Q

What are the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus

17
Q

Action of the hypoglossus

A

depresses tongue

18
Q

origin and insertion of the hypoglossus

A

origin: greater horn and body of the hyoid
insertion: lateral surface of body of tongue

19
Q

Action of the styloglossus

A

retracts the tongue, moving superioposteriorly

20
Q

Origin and insertion of the styloglossus

A

origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: lateral apex & lateral borders

21
Q

Action of the genioglossus

A

Protrudes and depresses portions of the tongue

22
Q

origin and insertion of the genioglossus

A

origin: genial tubercles
insertion: from the base to the apex (some fibers insert on the hyoid bone)

23
Q

Characteristics of the muscles of the soft palate

A

Located in the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth and connects laterally w/ the tongue

Involved with speaking and swallowing

24
Q

Which muscles of the soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve)?

A

Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvula
Levator Veli Palatini

25
Q

Which muscle of the soft palate is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal?

A

Tensor Veli Palatini

26
Q

Action of the palatoglossus

A

raises base of tongue, arches tongue, sepresses soft palate

27
Q

origin and insertion of the palatoglossus

A

origin: median palatine raphe
insertion: Tongue

28
Q

Action of the palatopharyngeus

A

Closes off nasopharynx by moving palate posterioinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly

29
Q

Origin and insertion of palatopharyngeus

A

origin: posterior border of the hard palate and palatine bone
insertion: laryngopharynx walls & thyroid cartilage

30
Q

Action of the musculus uvula

A

closes off nasopharynx by shortening and broadening uvula, altering contour of palate & allowing adaptation to posterior pharyngeal wall

31
Q

Origin and insertion of musculus uvula

A

origin: posterior margin of soft palate
insertion: apex of uvula

32
Q

Action of levator veli palatini

A

closes of nasopharynx & opens the internal auditory canal by raising the soft palate & allowing it to contact the posterior pharyngeal wall

33
Q

Origin and insertion of levator veli palatini

A

origin: medial cartilage of internal auditory tube and apex of petrous
insertion: palatine aponeurosis and median palatine raphe area

34
Q

Action of tensor veli palatini

A

closes off the nasopharynx and opens the internal auditory canal by tensing and slightly lowering the palate

35
Q

Origin and insertion of the tensor levi palatini

A

origin: lateral cartilage of the internal auditory canal and scaphoid fossa of the sphenoid bone above pterygoid fossa
insertion: tendon near pterygoid hamulus and continues to the median palatine raphe

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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