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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Glands And Associated Structres > Flashcards

Glands And Associated Structres Flashcards

1
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid gland

In cheek

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2
Q

What salivary duct is paired with the parotid gland?

A

Stensen’s duct

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3
Q

Which duct is paired with the submandibular salivary gland?

A

Wharton duct

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4
Q

Which duct is paired with the sublingual salivary glands?

A

Bartholin’s duct

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5
Q

Lymph nodes located anterior to the ear

A

Preauricular lymph nodes

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6
Q

Lymph nodes located posterior to the ear

A

Post auricular lymph nodes

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7
Q

Lymph nodes on the back of the head

A

Occipital lymph nodes

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8
Q

Glands

A

Structures that produce chemical secretions necessary for normal body function

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9
Q

Glandular tissue of the head and neck include:

A 
Lacrimal
Salivary (major and minor)
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
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10
Q

Gland types

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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11
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Having a duct, secretions travel through the ducts

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12
Q

Duct

A

Passageway for secretion to be emptied directly into the location where it is needed

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13
Q

Endocrine

A

Ductless, secretions enters blood directly, then carried to region where it is needed

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14
Q

Motor/efferent nerves

A

Regulate the flow of secretions

Autonomic nervous system controls this:
Sympathetic decreases secretions
Parasympathetic increases secretions

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15
Q

Sensory/afferent nerves

A

Pain, touch, and proprioception

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16
Q

Special sensory/afferent nerves

A

Tongue/taste

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17
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Paired exocrine glands, produces lacrimal fluid or tears

Located in the lacrimal Fosse of the frontal bone superiolateral to the eye

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18
Q

What innervates the lacrimal gland’s?

A

Motor- Greater petrosal nerve
Sensory- Lacrimal nerve, branch of ophthalmic

Blood supply- lacrimal artery, branch of ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

Lymphatics of the lacrimal gland

A

Drained by superficial parotid lymph nodes

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20
Q

Secretions of the lacrimal gland

A

Fluid leaves the gland through 8 to 12 fine tubules

Lachrymal fluid lubricates conjunctiva lining of eyelids in front of eyeball

Nasolacrimal sac- thin walled structure behind medial canthus. Fluid drained through lacrimal puncta and enters the sac

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21
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Located at the junction of the lacrimal and maxillary bones

Drains fluid from nasal lacrimal sac into inferior nasal Conchea via inferior nasal meatus into the nasal cavity

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22
Q

Parotid salivary gland

A

Largest, bilateral, and capsulated major salivary gland

Located in the parotid facial space, behind ramus, in front of and below the ear and extends irregularly from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible

Superficial lobe- Posterior and inferior to the zygomatic arch

Deep lobe- Extends close to muscles of the pharynx

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23
Q

Secretions of the parotid salivary gland

A

Pure Sarah’s fluid. Produces 25 to 30% of total salary volume

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24
Q

Which duct drains the parotid salivary gland?

A

Stensen’s duct

Emerges from the glands anterior border. Opens opposite the second maxillary molar

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25
Q

Parotid papilla

A

Small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the Stenson duct on buckle mucosa opposite the maxillary second molar

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26
Q

Innervation of the parotid gland

A

Motor/efferent- glossopharyngeal nerve

Sensory/afferent- auriculotemporal nerve

Facial nerve travels through the gland but does not innervate this gland

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27
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the parotid gland

A

Deep parotid lymph nodes

28
Q

Blood supply to the parotid gland

A

Branches of external carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Transverse facial artery

29
Q

Sub mandibular salivary gland

A

Second largest, bilateral, encapsulated major salivary gland

Occupies the sub mandibular Fossa
Superficial lobe- inferior to the mylohyoid muscle
Deep lobe- Wraps around the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle

30
Q

Secretions of the submandibular gland

A

Mixed

80% serous fluid and 20% mucus

Produces 60 to 65% of total salivary volume

31
Q

Which duct drains the submandibular gland

A

Wharton duct

Arises from the deep lobe, superior to the mylohyoid muscle and travels anteriorly in the floor of the mouth

32
Q

Sublingual caruncle

A

Openings for both Wharton and Bartholin duct

Small, bilateral, round papilla in midline of the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenum

Opening for ducts of both the submandibular and sublingual glands

33
Q

Innervation of the submandibular salivary gland

A

Motor/efferent- chorda Tympani nerve & submandibular ganglion

Sensory/afferent- Lingual nerve

34
Q

Lymphatics of the submandibular gland

A

Drained by submandibular lymph nodes

35
Q

Blood supply of the submandibular gland

A

Glandular artery, branch of facial artery

36
Q

Sublingual salivary gland

A

Smallest, bilateral, encapsulated major salivary gland

Occupies the sub lingual Fossa in the floor of the mouth, superior to the mylohyoid muscle and posterior to genial tubercles

37
Q

Secretions of the sublingual gland

A

Mixed

Mostly mucus with some serous fluid. Produces 5 to 10% of the total salivary volume

38
Q

Which ducts drain the sublingual salivary gland

A

Ducts of Rivinus

Bartholin duct

39
Q

Ducts of Rivinus

A

Several small ducts, open on the sublingual plicae (found on crest of sublingual folds)

40
Q

Bartholin’s duct

A

If present, opens on sublingual caruncles

short ducts converge and form one large duct

41
Q

Innervation of the sub lingual gland

A

Motor/efferent- chorda tympani nerve, Submandibular ganglion

Sensory/afferent- lingual nerve

42
Q

Lymphatics And blood supply of the sublingual gland

A

Drained by submandibular lymph nodes

Supplies by the sublingual artery

43
Q

Minor salivary gland’s/glands of the lining mucosa

A

Exocrine glands with short, unnamed ducts

Primarily produce mucus secretions (except for von Ebners and anterior lingual)

44
Q

Von Ebners gland

A

Produce pure serous fluid

Bilateral minor salivary gland‘s towards the back of the tongue

Ducts: Sulci of circumvallate papilla. Sulcus terminalis. Furrows of the folate papilla

45
Q

Anterior lingual glands

A

Produce mixed secretions

46
Q

Innervation and lymphatics of the minor salivary glands

A

Facial nerve

Drained by various lymph nodes in the immediate area

47
Q

Blood supply and location of minor salivary glands

A

Supplied by various arteries in the immediate area

Glands are scattered throughout the oral cavity and oral pharynx: Soft palate, hard palate, dorsal surface of the tongue, lingual mucosa, floor of the mouth

48
Q

Minor salivary gland’s of the tongue

A

Anterior lingual gland- gland of Blandin Nuhn

Mixed secretions, located on the ventral surface

Ducks open on the plica fimbriata

49
Q

Posterior lingual gland

A

Pure mucus secretions

Located on posterior third of tongue

Ducts: tonsillar crypts of lingual tonsils

50
Q

Tubarial salivary gland

A

Located around the area of the torus tubarius- just inferior to the internal acoustic meatus

Functioning in the moistening and lubrication of the nasopharynx an oropharynx

51
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Large ductless endocrine gland consisting of two lateral lobes connected by an isthmus

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, at the junction between the larynx and the trachea

52
Q

Secretions of the thyroid glands

A

Thyroxine- regulates metabolism

Calcitonin- Helps regulate calcium metabolism

53
Q

Innervation of the thyroid

A

Cervical ganglia

Release of secretions regulated by the pituitary gland

54
Q

Lymphatics and blood supply of the thyroid

A

Drained by the superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Supplied by the cricothyroid artery

55
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland, consisting of four small glands, two on each side

Usually located close to or inside the thyroid gland on it’s posterior surface

56
Q

Secretions and innervation of the parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone- Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Innervated by the cervical ganglia

57
Q

Thymus gland

A

Endocrine gland, part of the immune system

Or moans enable T lymphocytes to mature in the gland

Grows from birth to puberty but atrophies after puberty

Inferior to the thyroid gland, superficial and lateral to trachea, deep to sternum

58
Q

Secretions of the thymus

A

Thymoprotein- induces lymphocyte precursor cells to form T lymphocytes

Thymosin- Promotes maturation of T lymphocytes

59
Q

Innervation and lymphatics of the thymus

A

Vagus nerve and cervical nerves

Lymphatics arise within the gland and terminate in the internal jugular vein

60
Q

Sialolith

A

Salivary stone formation that blocks the drainage of saliva from the duct and causes gland to enlarge and become tender

Calcification of cells or foreign material.

Wharton duct instance and duct are most commonly affected

61
Q

Xerostomia

A

Decrease production of saliva

Aging and medications may result xerostomia

May also be caused by Sjögren’s syndrome which affects the parotid gland and oral cancer that requires head and neck radiation

62
Q

Mumps

A

Bilateral enlargement of the parotid gland- tender

Caused by a viral infection but can be prevented with a mumps vaccination

63
Q

Mucocele

A

Oral mucous cyst

Harmless swollen spot, occurs most often on leave your mucosa of the lower lip but can form on any mucosa

Movable and painless. Soft and around. Pearly or semi-clear surface or bluish in color

Usually goes away without treatment

64
Q

Ranula

A

Salivary pseudocysts occurring in the floor of the mouth and involve the major salivary glands

Results in pooling of saliva above the mylohyoid muscle

Caused by trauma to the duct of the major salivary gland or obstruction of the duct

No treatment for smaller ranula‘s

65
Q

Goiter

A

Enlarged thyroid gland. May be firm and tender when palpated

Will be immobile and not move when patient swallows

Thyroid may be partially or fully removed, medication are administered to replace the thyroid— synthroid/tapazole

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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