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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Glands And Associated Structres > Flashcards

Glands And Associated Structres Flashcards

1
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid gland

In cheek

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2
Q

What salivary duct is paired with the parotid gland?

A

Stensen’s duct

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3
Q

Which duct is paired with the submandibular salivary gland?

A

Wharton duct

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4
Q

Which duct is paired with the sublingual salivary glands?

A

Bartholin’s duct

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5
Q

Lymph nodes located anterior to the ear

A

Preauricular lymph nodes

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6
Q

Lymph nodes located posterior to the ear

A

Post auricular lymph nodes

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7
Q

Lymph nodes on the back of the head

A

Occipital lymph nodes

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8
Q

Glands

A

Structures that produce chemical secretions necessary for normal body function

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9
Q

Glandular tissue of the head and neck include:

A 
Lacrimal
Salivary (major and minor)
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
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10
Q

Gland types

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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11
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Having a duct, secretions travel through the ducts

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12
Q

Duct

A

Passageway for secretion to be emptied directly into the location where it is needed

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13
Q

Endocrine

A

Ductless, secretions enters blood directly, then carried to region where it is needed

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14
Q

Motor/efferent nerves

A

Regulate the flow of secretions

Autonomic nervous system controls this:
Sympathetic decreases secretions
Parasympathetic increases secretions

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15
Q

Sensory/afferent nerves

A

Pain, touch, and proprioception

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16
Q

Special sensory/afferent nerves

A

Tongue/taste

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17
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Paired exocrine glands, produces lacrimal fluid or tears

Located in the lacrimal Fosse of the frontal bone superiolateral to the eye

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18
Q

What innervates the lacrimal gland’s?

A

Motor- Greater petrosal nerve
Sensory- Lacrimal nerve, branch of ophthalmic

Blood supply- lacrimal artery, branch of ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

Lymphatics of the lacrimal gland

A

Drained by superficial parotid lymph nodes

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20
Q

Secretions of the lacrimal gland

A

Fluid leaves the gland through 8 to 12 fine tubules

Lachrymal fluid lubricates conjunctiva lining of eyelids in front of eyeball

Nasolacrimal sac- thin walled structure behind medial canthus. Fluid drained through lacrimal puncta and enters the sac

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21
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Located at the junction of the lacrimal and maxillary bones

Drains fluid from nasal lacrimal sac into inferior nasal Conchea via inferior nasal meatus into the nasal cavity

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22
Q

Parotid salivary gland

A

Largest, bilateral, and capsulated major salivary gland

Located in the parotid facial space, behind ramus, in front of and below the ear and extends irregularly from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible

Superficial lobe- Posterior and inferior to the zygomatic arch

Deep lobe- Extends close to muscles of the pharynx

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23
Q

Secretions of the parotid salivary gland

A

Pure Sarah’s fluid. Produces 25 to 30% of total salary volume

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24
Q

Which duct drains the parotid salivary gland?

A

Stensen’s duct

Emerges from the glands anterior border. Opens opposite the second maxillary molar

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25
Parotid papilla
Small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the Stenson duct on buckle mucosa opposite the maxillary second molar
26
Innervation of the parotid gland
Motor/efferent- glossopharyngeal nerve Sensory/afferent- auriculotemporal nerve Facial nerve travels through the gland but does not innervate this gland
27
Which lymph nodes drain the parotid gland
Deep parotid lymph nodes
28
Blood supply to the parotid gland
Branches of external carotid artery Superficial temporal artery Maxillary artery Transverse facial artery
29
Sub mandibular salivary gland
Second largest, bilateral, encapsulated major salivary gland Occupies the sub mandibular Fossa Superficial lobe- inferior to the mylohyoid muscle Deep lobe- Wraps around the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle
30
Secretions of the submandibular gland
Mixed 80% serous fluid and 20% mucus Produces 60 to 65% of total salivary volume
31
Which duct drains the submandibular gland
Wharton duct Arises from the deep lobe, superior to the mylohyoid muscle and travels anteriorly in the floor of the mouth
32
Sublingual caruncle
Openings for both Wharton and Bartholin duct Small, bilateral, round papilla in midline of the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenum Opening for ducts of both the submandibular and sublingual glands
33
Innervation of the submandibular salivary gland
Motor/efferent- chorda Tympani nerve & submandibular ganglion Sensory/afferent- Lingual nerve
34
Lymphatics of the submandibular gland
Drained by submandibular lymph nodes
35
Blood supply of the submandibular gland
Glandular artery, branch of facial artery
36
Sublingual salivary gland
Smallest, bilateral, encapsulated major salivary gland Occupies the sub lingual Fossa in the floor of the mouth, superior to the mylohyoid muscle and posterior to genial tubercles
37
Secretions of the sublingual gland
Mixed Mostly mucus with some serous fluid. Produces 5 to 10% of the total salivary volume
38
Which ducts drain the sublingual salivary gland
Ducts of Rivinus Bartholin duct
39
Ducts of Rivinus
Several small ducts, open on the sublingual plicae (found on crest of sublingual folds)
40
Bartholin’s duct
If present, opens on sublingual caruncles | short ducts converge and form one large duct
41
Innervation of the sub lingual gland
Motor/efferent- chorda tympani nerve, Submandibular ganglion Sensory/afferent- lingual nerve
42
Lymphatics And blood supply of the sublingual gland
Drained by submandibular lymph nodes Supplies by the sublingual artery
43
Minor salivary gland’s/glands of the lining mucosa
Exocrine glands with short, unnamed ducts Primarily produce mucus secretions (except for von Ebners and anterior lingual)
44
Von Ebners gland
Produce pure serous fluid Bilateral minor salivary gland‘s towards the back of the tongue Ducts: Sulci of circumvallate papilla. Sulcus terminalis. Furrows of the folate papilla
45
Anterior lingual glands
Produce mixed secretions
46
Innervation and lymphatics of the minor salivary glands
Facial nerve Drained by various lymph nodes in the immediate area
47
Blood supply and location of minor salivary glands
Supplied by various arteries in the immediate area Glands are scattered throughout the oral cavity and oral pharynx: Soft palate, hard palate, dorsal surface of the tongue, lingual mucosa, floor of the mouth
48
Minor salivary gland’s of the tongue
Anterior lingual gland- gland of Blandin Nuhn Mixed secretions, located on the ventral surface Ducks open on the plica fimbriata
49
Posterior lingual gland
Pure mucus secretions Located on posterior third of tongue Ducts: tonsillar crypts of lingual tonsils
50
Tubarial salivary gland
Located around the area of the torus tubarius- just inferior to the internal acoustic meatus Functioning in the moistening and lubrication of the nasopharynx an oropharynx
51
Thyroid gland
Large ductless endocrine gland consisting of two lateral lobes connected by an isthmus Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, at the junction between the larynx and the trachea
52
Secretions of the thyroid glands
Thyroxine- regulates metabolism Calcitonin- Helps regulate calcium metabolism
53
Innervation of the thyroid
Cervical ganglia Release of secretions regulated by the pituitary gland
54
Lymphatics and blood supply of the thyroid
Drained by the superior deep cervical lymph nodes Supplied by the cricothyroid artery
55
Parathyroid gland
Endocrine gland, consisting of four small glands, two on each side Usually located close to or inside the thyroid gland on it’s posterior surface
56
Secretions and innervation of the parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone- Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood Innervated by the cervical ganglia
57
Thymus gland
Endocrine gland, part of the immune system Or moans enable T lymphocytes to mature in the gland Grows from birth to puberty but atrophies after puberty Inferior to the thyroid gland, superficial and lateral to trachea, deep to sternum
58
Secretions of the thymus
Thymoprotein- induces lymphocyte precursor cells to form T lymphocytes Thymosin- Promotes maturation of T lymphocytes
59
Innervation and lymphatics of the thymus
Vagus nerve and cervical nerves Lymphatics arise within the gland and terminate in the internal jugular vein
60
Sialolith
Salivary stone formation that blocks the drainage of saliva from the duct and causes gland to enlarge and become tender Calcification of cells or foreign material. Wharton duct instance and duct are most commonly affected
61
Xerostomia
Decrease production of saliva Aging and medications may result xerostomia May also be caused by Sjögren’s syndrome which affects the parotid gland and oral cancer that requires head and neck radiation
62
Mumps
Bilateral enlargement of the parotid gland- tender Caused by a viral infection but can be prevented with a mumps vaccination
63
Mucocele
Oral mucous cyst Harmless swollen spot, occurs most often on leave your mucosa of the lower lip but can form on any mucosa Movable and painless. Soft and around. Pearly or semi-clear surface or bluish in color Usually goes away without treatment
64
Ranula
Salivary pseudocysts occurring in the floor of the mouth and involve the major salivary glands Results in pooling of saliva above the mylohyoid muscle Caused by trauma to the duct of the major salivary gland or obstruction of the duct No treatment for smaller ranula‘s
65
Goiter
Enlarged thyroid gland. May be firm and tender when palpated Will be immobile and not move when patient swallows Thyroid may be partially or fully removed, medication are administered to replace the thyroid— synthroid/tapazole

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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