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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Physiology of The Permanent Teeth > Flashcards

Physiology of The Permanent Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical alignment of the teeth?

A

Arrangement of the teeth in arches of both Jews and placed in strong contact with their proximal neighbors utilizing angles that can withstand the mastication forces

Increases functional efficiency
Stabilizes the arches

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2
Q

What are the functions of the proximal contacts?

A

Aid in arch stabilization and protect the inter-dental/gingival papilla

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3
Q

What is the col region?

A

Valley like depression in the center of the gingival papilla, located just cervical under the proximal contacts

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4
Q

What are embrasures?

A

 triangular shaped spaces apical to and coronal to the proximal contacts

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5
Q

What are spillways?

A

Direct food away from teeth during mastication

Prevent food from being forced into contact areas

Created by the shape of the embrasures

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6
Q

What is the shape and length of the roots determined by?

A

Shape and function of the crown

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7
Q

What are the functions of the roots?

A

Anchor teeth in the periodontium

Stabilize teeth by directing the causal forces through the length of the root following the long access of the tooth

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8
Q

Crown position in relation to root function

A

Incisal ridges and cusps of anterior teeth are centered over the root base

Cusps of posterior teeth are in line with or contained in the root base outline

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9
Q

Anterior tooth shapes

A

Trapezoids, Pentagon’s, triangles

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10
Q

Which interior teeth and aspects form trapezoids?

A

All central and lateral incisors viewed from the facial/labial and lingual aspects

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11
Q

Which anterior teeth and aspects form Pentagon shapes?

A

Canines viewed from the facial/labial and lingual aspect

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12
Q

Which anterior teeth and aspects form triangles?

A

All anterior teeth viewed from the mesial and distal aspects

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13
Q

Which posterior teeth form pentagons?

A

All pre-molars viewed from the facial/buccal and lingual aspects

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14
Q

Which posterior teeth form trapezoids?

A

All molars viewed from the buccal and lingual aspects. Occlusal third is the widest end

All maxillary preMolar and Molars viewed from the mesial and distal aspect as well. Occlusal third is the narrowest end

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15
Q

Which posterior teeth form rhomboids?

A

All mandibular preMolar’s and molars viewed from the mesial and distal aspect. Crowns tilt lingually

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16
Q

When is the curve of spee visible?

A

Only visible from the lateral view of the dental arches

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17
Q

What is the curvature of the maxillary and mandibular arches?

A 
Maxillary = convex
Mandibular = concave
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18
Q

When is the curve of Wilson visible?

A

Only visible from posterior view of the dental arches

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19
Q

What is horizontal overlap/over jet

A

Maxillary teeth slightly overlap mandibular teeth facially/Buccaly by about 2 1/2 to 3 mm

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20
Q

What is vertical overlap/overbite

A

Distance the mandibular incisors bite onto the lingual surface of maxillary incisors about 2 to 3 mm or within the incisal 1/3

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21
Q

What are animal jaw movements?

A

Depress and elevate without lateral excursions or protrusions

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22
Q

Human Jaw movement

A

Depress and elevate with the lateral excursions and protrusions

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23
Q

Why is human Dentition complicated?

A

Maxillary arch horizontally and vertically overlaps the mandibular arch

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24
Q

TMJ movements

A

Open/depress

Clothes/elevate

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25
Q

What does it mean for the TMJ to open/depress

A

Functional movement of the condyle and disc of the TMJ during the full range of opening and closing. Disk is rotated posteriorly on the condyle is a condyle is moved out of the fossa

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26
Q

What do lateral shifts/excursions deal?

A

Enable the mandible to move to the side, left or right

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27
Q

What does protrusion and retrusion do?

A

Enables mandible to move anterior to the maxilla and retract back

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28
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter muscle, temporalis, mesial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

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29
Q

What does the masseter muscle do

A

Elevates the mandible closing the mouth and clenching your teeth

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30
Q

What does the temporalis do?

A

Elevates the mandible. Closing the mouth, clutching the teeth and retracts mandible

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31
Q

What does the mesial pterygoid do?

A

Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth

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32
Q

What does the lateral pterygoid do

A

Contraction of one muscle- Lateral shift of the mandible

Contraction of both muscles- Protrusion and slight depression

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33
Q

What is occlusion

A

Contact of mandibular teeth with the maxillary teeth

34
Q

When is centric relation achieved?

A

When the mandible is in its most posterior/superior position

Gently move the mandible back and up, mandibular teeth will not make contact with the maxillary teeth

35
Q

When is centric relation contact achieved?

A

When the mandible first makes contact with the maxilla from centric relation

Premature contacts are detected during this movement

36
Q

When is centric occlusion achieved?

A

When the mandible moves anteriorly into maximum intercuspation

37
Q

When is static occlusion achieved

A

When the jar is closed in centric occlusion

Classification is performed while mandible is in static/centric occlusion. Recorded during the intra oral exam

38
Q

When is functional occlusion achieved

A

When contact occurs during mastication, enables teeth to prepare food for swallowing

39
Q

What does classifying occlusion provide information for?

A 
Diagnostic work-up
Treatment planning
Adapting instrumentation techniques
Home care instructions
Sequencing recall intervals
Referrals: orthodontic
40
Q

What would describe normal/ideal occlusion?

A
  • Maximum intercuspation
  • Horizontal overlap/over jet where maxillary teeth slightly overlap the mandibular teeth facially/labially/buccally by about 2 1/2 to 3 mm
  • Vertical overlap/overbite with a distance them in tubular incisors bite onto the lingual surface of maxillary incisors by about 2 to 3 mm or within the incisal third
41
Q

What is malocclusion?

A

Any deviation from the ideal

42
Q

 describe angle’s classification of malocclusion

A

-2 to 4% of pop has ideal occlusion
-66% of the pub has malocclusion‘s requiring orthodontia
-carries and extractions contribute to higher rates of malocclusion (carries leads to tooth loss, tooth loss leads to malocclusion)



43
Q

When did E.H. Angle develop his classification of malocclusion?

A

1899 to 1900

44
Q

What was E.H. Angle’s classification of malocclusion system based on?

A

Mesial/distal relationship of molars and now includes the canine relationship

45
Q

What is the molar relation in Angles class one neutroclusion

A

Mesiobuccal Cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes with a buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

46
Q

What is the canine relation in Angles class one neutroclusion

A

Maxillary canine occludes with the distal of the mandibular canine and Mesial and mandibular first molar

47
Q

Describe the facial profile and ideal occlusion for angles class one neutroclusion 

A

Mesognathic- straight profile with a slight protrusion of mandible

Ideal occlusion has No malpositioned teeth, neutroclusion may have malpositioned individual teeth or groups of teeth

48
Q

Describe the molar relation in angles class II distoclusion with divisions

A

Mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

49
Q

Describe the canine relation in angles class II distoclusion with divisions

A

Maxillary canine occludes, by at least the width of a pre-molar, mesial to the mandibular canine

50
Q

Describe the two divisions from angles class II distoclusion

A

Division one: all maxillary incisors protruded with severe overbite

Division two: maxillary central incisors retruded and lateral tilted labially with severe overbite

51
Q

Describe the facial profile in angles class II

A

Retrognathic: convex profile with retreated, deficient mandible and prominent maxilla or may appear mesognathic

Mandible is distal to the class I position

52
Q

Describe the molar relation in angles class III Mesioclusion

A

Mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes distal to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

53
Q

Describe the canine relation in angles class III Mesioclusion

A

Maxillary canine occludes distal to the mandibular canine

54
Q

Describe the facial profile in angles class III Mesioclusion

A

Prognathic: concave profile: protruded mandible with normal maxilla

Mandible is a mesial to class I position

55
Q

Straight terminal plane in occlusion of primary teeth

A

Distal surfaces of the second primary molars are on the same vertical plane (common)

56
Q

*Mesial step In occlusion of primary teeth

A

Distal surface of the second mandibular primary molar is mesial to the second maxillary primary molar, form the mesial step (most common)

57
Q

Distal step in occlusion of primary teeth

A

Distal surface of the second mandibular primary molar is distal to the second maxillary primary molar, form the distal step (not common)

58
Q

What is the gingival line?

A

Formed by the configuration of the gingival margin and free gingiva and follows the curvature of the cervical line

59
Q

What is free gingiva?

A

Masticatory gingiva

60
Q

What is the alveolar crest?

A

Alveolar bone closest to and follows the contours of the CEJ. Ideal average distance 1.7 mm

61
Q

What is interdental alveolar bone?

A

Alveolar bone located between two proximal Teeth

62
Q

What are the effects of Malpositioned teeth

A

Interferes with functional alignment and contorts the gingival line and associated crestal and interdental alveolar bone

63
Q

How do you malposition teeth contribute to the disease process?

A

Food impaction, plaque accumulation, gingival trauma, loss of proximal alveolar bone

64
Q

Describe open bite

A

No contact
Anteriors: lack of incisal contact
Posteriors: lack of occlusal contact
Measure and record distance in millimeters

65
Q

Describe over jet

A

Excessive horizontal overlap of the maxillary anteriors. 3.5 mm or greater

Horizontal distance from the label surface of mandibular incisors to label surface of the maxillary incisors. Measure with probe perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth

66
Q

Describe underbite

A

Horizontal overlap by mandibular anterior’s

67
Q

Describe crossbite

A

Anterior: Maxillary anteriors are lingual to mandibular anterior‘s (One to several)

posterior: mandibular Teeth are lingual to normal position. Or buccal to normal position

Can be unilateral and/or bilateral

68
Q

Describe end to end bite

A

Incisal surfaces of anterior teeth occlude. No horizontal or vertical overlap

Molars in cusp to cusp occlusion. No horizontal or vertical overlap

69
Q

Describe overbite

A

Excessive vertical overlap of the maxillary anteriors. 4 mm or greater.

Slight: junction of incisal and middle 1/3
Moderate: in middle third
Severe: in cervical 1/3 and incisal surface of mandibular anterior‘s may include with soft tissues of hard palate

70
Q

How do we record overbite

A

Measure and record in millimeters. Vertical distance from the mandibular incisal surface to the maxillary incisal surface. Place probe parallel to long axis of the tooth

71
Q

What does Labioversion mean

A

Teeth are positioned labial to normal

72
Q

What is lingualversion

A

Teeth are positioned lingual to normal

73
Q

What is Buccoversion

A

Teeth are positioned buccal to normal

74
Q

What is Mesioversion

A

Teeth are positioned mesial to normal

75
Q

What is distoversion

A

Teeth are positioned distal to normal

76
Q

What is supraversion

A

Teeth are extruded

77
Q

What is infraversion

A

Teeth are depressed

78
Q

What is Torsiversion

A

Teeth are rotated. Record by drawing a directional arrow

79
Q

Purpose for orthodontics and prosthetics

A

To restore functional occlusion and aesthetics

80
Q

What is malocclusion a predisposing factors in?

A

Plaque retention, calculus formation, dental caries and periodontal disease

81
Q

What is proper/effective home care?

A

Brush selection, brushing technique, use of floss and/or water floss or, individual plaque control adaptations

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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