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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Physiology of The Permanent Teeth > Flashcards

Physiology of The Permanent Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical alignment of the teeth?

A

Arrangement of the teeth in arches of both Jews and placed in strong contact with their proximal neighbors utilizing angles that can withstand the mastication forces

Increases functional efficiency
Stabilizes the arches

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2
Q

What are the functions of the proximal contacts?

A

Aid in arch stabilization and protect the inter-dental/gingival papilla

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3
Q

What is the col region?

A

Valley like depression in the center of the gingival papilla, located just cervical under the proximal contacts

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4
Q

What are embrasures?

A

 triangular shaped spaces apical to and coronal to the proximal contacts

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5
Q

What are spillways?

A

Direct food away from teeth during mastication

Prevent food from being forced into contact areas

Created by the shape of the embrasures

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6
Q

What is the shape and length of the roots determined by?

A

Shape and function of the crown

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7
Q

What are the functions of the roots?

A

Anchor teeth in the periodontium

Stabilize teeth by directing the causal forces through the length of the root following the long access of the tooth

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8
Q

Crown position in relation to root function

A

Incisal ridges and cusps of anterior teeth are centered over the root base

Cusps of posterior teeth are in line with or contained in the root base outline

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9
Q

Anterior tooth shapes

A

Trapezoids, Pentagon’s, triangles

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10
Q

Which interior teeth and aspects form trapezoids?

A

All central and lateral incisors viewed from the facial/labial and lingual aspects

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11
Q

Which anterior teeth and aspects form Pentagon shapes?

A

Canines viewed from the facial/labial and lingual aspect

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12
Q

Which anterior teeth and aspects form triangles?

A

All anterior teeth viewed from the mesial and distal aspects

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13
Q

Which posterior teeth form pentagons?

A

All pre-molars viewed from the facial/buccal and lingual aspects

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14
Q

Which posterior teeth form trapezoids?

A

All molars viewed from the buccal and lingual aspects. Occlusal third is the widest end

All maxillary preMolar and Molars viewed from the mesial and distal aspect as well. Occlusal third is the narrowest end

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15
Q

Which posterior teeth form rhomboids?

A

All mandibular preMolar’s and molars viewed from the mesial and distal aspect. Crowns tilt lingually

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16
Q

When is the curve of spee visible?

A

Only visible from the lateral view of the dental arches

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17
Q

What is the curvature of the maxillary and mandibular arches?

A 
Maxillary = convex
Mandibular = concave
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18
Q

When is the curve of Wilson visible?

A

Only visible from posterior view of the dental arches

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19
Q

What is horizontal overlap/over jet

A

Maxillary teeth slightly overlap mandibular teeth facially/Buccaly by about 2 1/2 to 3 mm

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20
Q

What is vertical overlap/overbite

A

Distance the mandibular incisors bite onto the lingual surface of maxillary incisors about 2 to 3 mm or within the incisal 1/3

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21
Q

What are animal jaw movements?

A

Depress and elevate without lateral excursions or protrusions

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22
Q

Human Jaw movement

A

Depress and elevate with the lateral excursions and protrusions

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23
Q

Why is human Dentition complicated?

A

Maxillary arch horizontally and vertically overlaps the mandibular arch

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24
Q

TMJ movements

A

Open/depress

Clothes/elevate

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25
What does it mean for the TMJ to open/depress
Functional movement of the condyle and disc of the TMJ during the full range of opening and closing. Disk is rotated posteriorly on the condyle is a condyle is moved out of the fossa
26
What do lateral shifts/excursions deal?
Enable the mandible to move to the side, left or right
27
What does protrusion and retrusion do?
Enables mandible to move anterior to the maxilla and retract back
28
What are the muscles of mastication?
Masseter muscle, temporalis, mesial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
29
What does the masseter muscle do
Elevates the mandible closing the mouth and clenching your teeth
30
What does the temporalis do?
Elevates the mandible. Closing the mouth, clutching the teeth and retracts mandible
31
What does the mesial pterygoid do?
Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth
32
What does the lateral pterygoid do
Contraction of one muscle- Lateral shift of the mandible Contraction of both muscles- Protrusion and slight depression
33
What is occlusion
Contact of mandibular teeth with the maxillary teeth
34
When is centric relation achieved?
When the mandible is in its most posterior/superior position Gently move the mandible back and up, mandibular teeth will not make contact with the maxillary teeth
35
When is centric relation contact achieved?
When the mandible first makes contact with the maxilla from centric relation Premature contacts are detected during this movement
36
When is centric occlusion achieved?
When the mandible moves anteriorly into maximum intercuspation
37
When is static occlusion achieved
When the jar is closed in centric occlusion Classification is performed while mandible is in static/centric occlusion. Recorded during the intra oral exam
38
When is functional occlusion achieved
When contact occurs during mastication, enables teeth to prepare food for swallowing
39
What does classifying occlusion provide information for?
``` Diagnostic work-up Treatment planning Adapting instrumentation techniques Home care instructions Sequencing recall intervals Referrals: orthodontic ```
40
What would describe normal/ideal occlusion?
- Maximum intercuspation - Horizontal overlap/over jet where maxillary teeth slightly overlap the mandibular teeth facially/labially/buccally by about 2 1/2 to 3 mm - Vertical overlap/overbite with a distance them in tubular incisors bite onto the lingual surface of maxillary incisors by about 2 to 3 mm or within the incisal third
41
What is malocclusion?
Any deviation from the ideal
42
 describe angle’s classification of malocclusion
-2 to 4% of pop has ideal occlusion -66% of the pub has malocclusion‘s requiring orthodontia -carries and extractions contribute to higher rates of malocclusion (carries leads to tooth loss, tooth loss leads to malocclusion)  
43
When did E.H. Angle develop his classification of malocclusion?
1899 to 1900
44
What was E.H. Angle’s classification of malocclusion system based on?
Mesial/distal relationship of molars and now includes the canine relationship
45
What is the molar relation in Angles class one neutroclusion
Mesiobuccal Cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes with a buccal groove of the mandibular first molar
46
What is the canine relation in Angles class one neutroclusion
Maxillary canine occludes with the distal of the mandibular canine and Mesial and mandibular first molar
47
Describe the facial profile and ideal occlusion for angles class one neutroclusion 
Mesognathic- straight profile with a slight protrusion of mandible Ideal occlusion has No malpositioned teeth, neutroclusion may have malpositioned individual teeth or groups of teeth
48
Describe the molar relation in angles class II distoclusion with divisions
Mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar
49
Describe the canine relation in angles class II distoclusion with divisions
Maxillary canine occludes, by at least the width of a pre-molar, mesial to the mandibular canine
50
Describe the two divisions from angles class II distoclusion
Division one: all maxillary incisors protruded with severe overbite Division two: maxillary central incisors retruded and lateral tilted labially with severe overbite
51
Describe the facial profile in angles class II
Retrognathic: convex profile with retreated, deficient mandible and prominent maxilla or may appear mesognathic Mandible is distal to the class I position
52
Describe the molar relation in angles class III Mesioclusion
Mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes distal to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar
53
Describe the canine relation in angles class III Mesioclusion
Maxillary canine occludes distal to the mandibular canine
54
Describe the facial profile in angles class III Mesioclusion
Prognathic: concave profile: protruded mandible with normal maxilla Mandible is a mesial to class I position
55
Straight terminal plane in occlusion of primary teeth
Distal surfaces of the second primary molars are on the same vertical plane (common)
56
*Mesial step In occlusion of primary teeth
Distal surface of the second mandibular primary molar is mesial to the second maxillary primary molar, form the mesial step (most common)
57
Distal step in occlusion of primary teeth
Distal surface of the second mandibular primary molar is distal to the second maxillary primary molar, form the distal step (not common)
58
What is the gingival line?
Formed by the configuration of the gingival margin and free gingiva and follows the curvature of the cervical line
59
What is free gingiva?
Masticatory gingiva
60
What is the alveolar crest?
Alveolar bone closest to and follows the contours of the CEJ. Ideal average distance 1.7 mm
61
What is interdental alveolar bone?
Alveolar bone located between two proximal Teeth
62
What are the effects of Malpositioned teeth
Interferes with functional alignment and contorts the gingival line and associated crestal and interdental alveolar bone
63
How do you malposition teeth contribute to the disease process?
Food impaction, plaque accumulation, gingival trauma, loss of proximal alveolar bone
64
Describe open bite
No contact Anteriors: lack of incisal contact Posteriors: lack of occlusal contact Measure and record distance in millimeters
65
Describe over jet
Excessive horizontal overlap of the maxillary anteriors. 3.5 mm or greater Horizontal distance from the label surface of mandibular incisors to label surface of the maxillary incisors. Measure with probe perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth
66
Describe underbite
Horizontal overlap by mandibular anterior’s
67
Describe crossbite
Anterior: Maxillary anteriors are lingual to mandibular anterior‘s (One to several) posterior: mandibular Teeth are lingual to normal position. Or buccal to normal position Can be unilateral and/or bilateral
68
Describe end to end bite
Incisal surfaces of anterior teeth occlude. No horizontal or vertical overlap Molars in cusp to cusp occlusion. No horizontal or vertical overlap
69
Describe overbite
Excessive vertical overlap of the maxillary anteriors. 4 mm or greater. Slight: junction of incisal and middle 1/3 Moderate: in middle third Severe: in cervical 1/3 and incisal surface of mandibular anterior‘s may include with soft tissues of hard palate
70
How do we record overbite
Measure and record in millimeters. Vertical distance from the mandibular incisal surface to the maxillary incisal surface. Place probe parallel to long axis of the tooth
71
What does Labioversion mean
Teeth are positioned labial to normal
72
What is lingualversion
Teeth are positioned lingual to normal
73
What is Buccoversion
Teeth are positioned buccal to normal
74
What is Mesioversion
Teeth are positioned mesial to normal
75
What is distoversion
Teeth are positioned distal to normal
76
What is supraversion
Teeth are extruded
77
What is infraversion
Teeth are depressed
78
What is Torsiversion
Teeth are rotated. Record by drawing a directional arrow
79
Purpose for orthodontics and prosthetics
To restore functional occlusion and aesthetics
80
What is malocclusion a predisposing factors in?
Plaque retention, calculus formation, dental caries and periodontal disease
81
What is proper/effective home care?
Brush selection, brushing technique, use of floss and/or water floss or, individual plaque control adaptations

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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