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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Lymphatic Tissue > Flashcards

Lymphatic Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatics of the central nervous system

A

Found in the brain meninges, only lymphatic vessels no lymph nodes

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2
Q

Composition of lymph fluid

A

Colorless liquid similar to blood plasma

Rich in plasma proteins

Transports absorbable fat collected from the small intestines

Contains a large number of white blood cells that detoxify bacteria

  • May transport infectious substances and cancer cells
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3
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Same, blind ended endothelial tubes

Collect fluid from tissue spaces

Recovers plasma proteins and recirculates them

No valves

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4
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Returns tissue fluid from tissue spaces via venous blood circulation

Lymphatic capillaries converge into the larger lymphatic vessels

Have valves

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5
Q

Major lymphatic vessels of the head and neck region

A

Right jugular trunk

Left jugular trunk

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6
Q

Right jugular trunk

A

Drains length from the right side of the head and neck, directly into the right subclavian vein

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7
Q

Left jugular trunk

A

Drains length from the left side of the head and neck into the thoracic duct

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8
Q

Lymphatic ducts

A

Empties the collected tissue fluids into venous circulation

Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct

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9
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Lymphatic vessels of the upper right quadrant of the body converge here

Joins the venous system at the junction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins

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10
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Lymphatic vessels of the remaining three quadrant of the body converge here

Joins the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

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11
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Produce lymphocytes and introduces them into the lymph fluid
Entrap bacteria and detoxifies them
Afferent vessels carry lymph TO the node
Efferent Vessels carry lymph AWAY from the node

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12
Q

Hilus

A

Depression on lymph nodes, found close to efferent side

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13
Q

Lymphatic flow

A

Flow depends on compression of vessels by means of muscle contraction and differential pressure
Valves ensure one way flow

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14
Q

Types of nodes

A

Primary
Secondary
Superficial
Deep

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15
Q

Primary Lymph Nodes

A

Drains lymph fluid from a particular region

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16
Q

Secondary Lymph Nodes

A

Drains lymph from the primary nodes

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17
Q

Superficial Lymph Nodes

A

Distributed in the head and neck

Associated with arteries, veins and muscle fascia

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18
Q

Deep lymph nodes

A

Found in the head and neck

Associated with connective tissue surrounding veins

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19
Q

Superficial lymph nodes of the head

A 
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Anterior auricular
Superficial parotid
Facial

All empty into superior deep cervical nodes

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20
Q

Occipital lymph nodes

A

Located at the base of the occipital bone
Drain the occipital part of the scalp
Empty into superior deep cervical nodes

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21
Q

Posterior Auricular Lymph Nodes

A

Located posteriorly to the ear
Drain the external ear and adjacent regions of the scalp
Empty into superior deep cervical nodes

22
Q

Anterior Auricular Nodes

A

Located anterior to the tragus
Drain the external ear and adjacent regions of the face
Empty into superior deep cervical nodes

23
Q

Superficial parotid nodes

A

Located superficial to the parotid gland

Drains the external ear, lacrimal gland and adjacent regions of the face

24
Q

Facial nodes (4 groups)

A

Located along the facial vein

  1. Infraorbital nodes : below the orbit
  2. Nasolabial nodes (nasolabial sulcus)
  3. Buccal nodes: labial commissures
  4. Mandibular nodes: superior to surface of mandible

Drains skin and mucous membranes of face
Empty into submandibular nudes and superior deep cervical nodes

25
Q

Deep lymph nodes of the head

A

Deep parotid

Retropharyngeal

Neither can be palpated

26
Q

Deep parotid nodes

A

Located deep in the parotid gland

Drains the middle ear, auditory tube and parotid gland

Empty into superior deep cervical nodes

27
Q

Retropharyngeal nodes

A

Located inferior to the deep parotid
Drains the pallet, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx
Empty into superior deep cervical nodes
These frequently disappear by age 4 to 5

28
Q

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

A

Submental Nodes
Submandibular Nodes
External jugular nodes
Interior jugular Nodes

29
Q

Submental Nodes

A

Located on mylohyoid muscle at midline between mandibular synthesis and the hyoid bone

Drains the chin, lower lip, cheeks, mandibular incisor teeth and adjacent tissues. Floor of the mouth and tip of the tongue

Empty into submandibular Nodes and superior deep cervical Nodes

30
Q

Submandibular lymph nodes

A

Along the inferior border of mandibular ramus on the submandibular gland

Drains the cheeks, upper lip, nose, gingival, anterior region of the hard palate, body of the tongue, all teeth and adjacent tissues except mandibular incisors and maxillary third molars

31
Q

External jugular nodes (superficial cervical)

A

Along the external jugular vein over the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Drains the lower part of the ear and region of the parotid gland

Empty into the superior deep cervical nodes

32
Q

Anterior jugular Nodes (anterior cervical)

A

Along the anterior jugular vein, lie just deep to the superficial cervical fascia in the lower levels of the neck

Drains the infrahyoid region of the neck

Empty into the inferior deep cervical nodes

33
Q

What sub groups divide the deep cervical lymph nodes

A

Superior and inferior

Superior group above and inferior group at the point where the omohyoid muscle crosses the internal jugular vein

34
Q

Superior deep cervical lymph nodes

A

Jugulodigastric/ tonsillar
Most prominent superior deep

Located just below the point where the digastric muscle cross is the internal jugular vein. Drains the tongue and palatine tonsil

35
Q

All other superior deep cervical lymph nodes

A

Located along the internal jugular vein, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Drains the posterior nasal cavity, posterior hard palate, soft palate, base of the tongue, maxillary third molars and adjacent tissues, TMJ, esophagus, trachea and thyroid

Empty in to inferior deep cervical Nodes or directly into jugular trunk

36
Q

Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

A

Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node
Most prominent inferior deep

Located just above the Omohyyoid muscle at internal jugular vein

Drains the tip of the tongue and submental region

37
Q

All other inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

A

Located along the internal jugular vein below the omohyoid muscle, continuous with superior deep cervical nodes

Drains superior deep cervical Nodes

Empty into the jugular trunk or thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

38
Q

Accessory nodes

A

Located along the accessory nerve

Posterior extension of deep cervical lymph nodes chain

Drain the scalp and neck regions

Empty in to supraclavicular lymph nodes

Cannot palpate

39
Q

Supraclavicular Nodes

A

Transverse cervical nodes

Located superiorly along the clavicle close to junction with sternum

Drains the subclavian cervical triangle

Empty into the jugular trunk or directly into the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

40
Q

Tonsil characteristics

A

Masses of lymphoid tissue that produce lymphocytes

Located in the oral cavity and pharynx

Drain into the superior deep cervical Nodes

Function to remove toxic products (infection receptors)

41
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

A

Roof of pharynx

42
Q

Tubal tonsils

A

Nasopharynx, posterior to the opening of the internal eustachian tube

43
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

Tonsillar niche between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (pillars)

44
Q

Lingual tonsils

A

Route/base of tongue (dorsal surface)

45
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Increase in size and change in consistency of the lymph tissues due to a disease process colon infection or cancer

Lymphocyte counts increase

Nodes Enlarge and become palpable
Tonsils become enlarged

46
Q

Good or OK lymph node features when palpated

A

Firm, movable, tender

47
Q

Bad lymph node features when palpated

A

Hard, attached or fixed, non-tender (cancer)

48
Q

Enlarged tonsils

A

Sign of infection: may lead to airway obstruction

49
Q

Cancer metastasis

A

Usually associated with carcinoma‘s from epithelial tissues

50
Q

Tonsiloliths/ tonsil stones

A

Stones form when bacteria, dead tissue cells and mucus calcify in the tonsillar crypts

Repeated incidence of tonsillitis increases one risk for stone formation

Tonsils may have to be removed

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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