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115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Lymphatic Tissue > Flashcards

Lymphatic Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatics of the central nervous system

A

Found in the brain meninges, only lymphatic vessels no lymph nodes

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2
Q

Composition of lymph fluid

A

Colorless liquid similar to blood plasma

Rich in plasma proteins

Transports absorbable fat collected from the small intestines

Contains a large number of white blood cells that detoxify bacteria

  • May transport infectious substances and cancer cells
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3
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Same, blind ended endothelial tubes

Collect fluid from tissue spaces

Recovers plasma proteins and recirculates them

No valves

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4
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Returns tissue fluid from tissue spaces via venous blood circulation

Lymphatic capillaries converge into the larger lymphatic vessels

Have valves

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5
Q

Major lymphatic vessels of the head and neck region

A

Right jugular trunk

Left jugular trunk

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6
Q

Right jugular trunk

A

Drains length from the right side of the head and neck, directly into the right subclavian vein

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7
Q

Left jugular trunk

A

Drains length from the left side of the head and neck into the thoracic duct

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8
Q

Lymphatic ducts

A

Empties the collected tissue fluids into venous circulation

Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct

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9
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Lymphatic vessels of the upper right quadrant of the body converge here

Joins the venous system at the junction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins

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10
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Lymphatic vessels of the remaining three quadrant of the body converge here

Joins the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

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11
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Produce lymphocytes and introduces them into the lymph fluid
Entrap bacteria and detoxifies them
Afferent vessels carry lymph TO the node
Efferent Vessels carry lymph AWAY from the node

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12
Q

Hilus

A

Depression on lymph nodes, found close to efferent side

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13
Q

Lymphatic flow

A

Flow depends on compression of vessels by means of muscle contraction and differential pressure
Valves ensure one way flow

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14
Q

Types of nodes

A

Primary
Secondary
Superficial
Deep

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15
Q

Primary Lymph Nodes

A

Drains lymph fluid from a particular region

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16
Q

Secondary Lymph Nodes

A

Drains lymph from the primary nodes

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17
Q

Superficial Lymph Nodes

A

Distributed in the head and neck

Associated with arteries, veins and muscle fascia

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18
Q

Deep lymph nodes

A

Found in the head and neck

Associated with connective tissue surrounding veins

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19
Q

Superficial lymph nodes of the head

A 
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Anterior auricular
Superficial parotid
Facial

All empty into superior deep cervical nodes

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20
Q

Occipital lymph nodes

A

Located at the base of the occipital bone
Drain the occipital part of the scalp
Empty into superior deep cervical nodes

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21
Q

Posterior Auricular Lymph Nodes

A

Located posteriorly to the ear
Drain the external ear and adjacent regions of the scalp
Empty into superior deep cervical nodes

22
Q

Anterior Auricular Nodes

A

Located anterior to the tragus
Drain the external ear and adjacent regions of the face
Empty into superior deep cervical nodes

23
Q

Superficial parotid nodes

A

Located superficial to the parotid gland

Drains the external ear, lacrimal gland and adjacent regions of the face

24
Q

Facial nodes (4 groups)

A

Located along the facial vein

  1. Infraorbital nodes : below the orbit
  2. Nasolabial nodes (nasolabial sulcus)
  3. Buccal nodes: labial commissures
  4. Mandibular nodes: superior to surface of mandible

Drains skin and mucous membranes of face
Empty into submandibular nudes and superior deep cervical nodes

25
Deep lymph nodes of the head
Deep parotid Retropharyngeal Neither can be palpated
26
Deep parotid nodes
Located deep in the parotid gland Drains the middle ear, auditory tube and parotid gland Empty into superior deep cervical nodes
27
Retropharyngeal nodes
Located inferior to the deep parotid Drains the pallet, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx Empty into superior deep cervical nodes These frequently disappear by age 4 to 5
28
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Submental Nodes Submandibular Nodes External jugular nodes Interior jugular Nodes
29
Submental Nodes
Located on mylohyoid muscle at midline between mandibular synthesis and the hyoid bone Drains the chin, lower lip, cheeks, mandibular incisor teeth and adjacent tissues. Floor of the mouth and tip of the tongue Empty into submandibular Nodes and superior deep cervical Nodes
30
Submandibular lymph nodes
Along the inferior border of mandibular ramus on the submandibular gland Drains the cheeks, upper lip, nose, gingival, anterior region of the hard palate, body of the tongue, all teeth and adjacent tissues except mandibular incisors and maxillary third molars
31
External jugular nodes (superficial cervical)
Along the external jugular vein over the sternocleidomastoid muscle Drains the lower part of the ear and region of the parotid gland Empty into the superior deep cervical nodes
32
Anterior jugular Nodes (anterior cervical)
Along the anterior jugular vein, lie just deep to the superficial cervical fascia in the lower levels of the neck Drains the infrahyoid region of the neck Empty into the inferior deep cervical nodes
33
What sub groups divide the deep cervical lymph nodes
Superior and inferior Superior group above and inferior group at the point where the omohyoid muscle crosses the internal jugular vein
34
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Jugulodigastric/ tonsillar Most prominent superior deep Located just below the point where the digastric muscle cross is the internal jugular vein. Drains the tongue and palatine tonsil
35
All other superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Located along the internal jugular vein, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle Drains the posterior nasal cavity, posterior hard palate, soft palate, base of the tongue, maxillary third molars and adjacent tissues, TMJ, esophagus, trachea and thyroid Empty in to inferior deep cervical Nodes or directly into jugular trunk
36
Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node Most prominent inferior deep Located just above the Omohyyoid muscle at internal jugular vein Drains the tip of the tongue and submental region
37
All other inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
Located along the internal jugular vein below the omohyoid muscle, continuous with superior deep cervical nodes Drains superior deep cervical Nodes Empty into the jugular trunk or thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
38
Accessory nodes
Located along the accessory nerve Posterior extension of deep cervical lymph nodes chain Drain the scalp and neck regions Empty in to supraclavicular lymph nodes Cannot palpate
39
Supraclavicular Nodes
Transverse cervical nodes Located superiorly along the clavicle close to junction with sternum Drains the subclavian cervical triangle Empty into the jugular trunk or directly into the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
40
Tonsil characteristics
Masses of lymphoid tissue that produce lymphocytes Located in the oral cavity and pharynx Drain into the superior deep cervical Nodes Function to remove toxic products (infection receptors)
41
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Roof of pharynx
42
Tubal tonsils
Nasopharynx, posterior to the opening of the internal eustachian tube
43
Palatine tonsils
Tonsillar niche between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (pillars)
44
Lingual tonsils
Route/base of tongue (dorsal surface)
45
Lymphadenopathy
Increase in size and change in consistency of the lymph tissues due to a disease process colon infection or cancer Lymphocyte counts increase Nodes Enlarge and become palpable Tonsils become enlarged
46
Good or OK lymph node features when palpated
Firm, movable, tender
47
Bad lymph node features when palpated
Hard, attached or fixed, non-tender (cancer)
48
Enlarged tonsils
Sign of infection: may lead to airway obstruction
49
Cancer metastasis
Usually associated with carcinoma‘s from epithelial tissues
50
Tonsiloliths/ tonsil stones
Stones form when bacteria, dead tissue cells and mucus calcify in the tonsillar crypts Repeated incidence of tonsillitis increases one risk for stone formation Tonsils may have to be removed

115 Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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