Skeletal System II

Question 1

The sphenoid body (chondrocranium), greater wing (splanchnocranium), and pterygoid plates (dermatocranium) are all fused into ________ bone in humans

Answer 1

sphenoid bone

Question 2

What is the primary palate in fishes and amphibians?

Answer 2

roof of oral cavity in fishes and amphibians formed by ventral skull bones

Question 3

what is the secondary palate in reptiles and mammals?

Answer 3

extensions of premaxilla, maxilla, palatine, and pterygoids grow midline

Question 4

what is the function of the secondary palate in reptiles and mammals?

Answer 4

separates mouth from nasal passages

Question 5

what is the palatal fissure in reptiles?

Answer 5

incomplete secondary palate that forms deep grooves that channels air between choanae and pharynx

Question 6

What forms the nasal chamber in crocodiles and mammals?

Answer 6

complete secondary palate that allows for breathing when feeding

Question 7

In humans, ____________ passes nasopalatine nerves and sphenopalatine artery

Answer 7

incisor foramen

Question 8

In many species, the ___________ allow for passage of ducts to the vomeronasal organ

Answer 8

incisive foramina

Question 9

What are conchae (turbinates)?

Answer 9

scroll-shaped bony elements that increase the surface area of these cavities (rapid warming and humidification of air)

Question 10

What is the mandibular series?

Answer 10

encases meckels cartilage, includes dentary, angular, surangular, and prearticular

Question 11

Only the _________ forms the lower jaw in mammals

Answer 11

dentary

Question 12

What is meckels groove (fossa)?

Answer 12

medial opening on mandible exposing meckelian cartilage (only as embryos in placental mammals)

Question 13

What separates the supratemporal fenestra from infratemporal fenestra?

Answer 13

the temporal bar (formed by postorbital and squamosal bones)

Question 14

euryapsids have _________ fenestra only

Answer 14

supratemporal

Question 15

What is homodont dentition?

Answer 15

teeth have similar morphology along jaw margin

Question 16

what is heterodont dentition?

Answer 16

teeth differ in morphology along jaw margin (many sharks and mammals)

Question 17

what is thecodont tooth attachment?

Answer 17

set in sockets (crocodiles, extinct birds, mammals)

Question 18

what is acrodont tooth attachment?

Answer 18

attached loosely to the top of jaw without sockets (sharks, bony fishes, snakes)

Question 19

what is pleurodont tooth attachment?

Answer 19

attached to inner surface of jaw (anurans, urodeles, lizards)

Question 20

T/F: acrodont teeth may be found on multiple bones in bony fishes (e.g., jaws, vomer, palatine, pterygoids, pharyngeal arches etc.)

Answer 20

True

Question 21

During feeding, moray eels _________ jaws, grasp prey and transport it into pharynx

Answer 21

pharyngeal jaws

Question 22

anurans have ________ teeth with _______ tooth attachment

Answer 22

pedicellate, pleurodont

Question 23

reptiles, birds, and mammals have ____ tooth attachment

Answer 23

thecodont