Exam 3 Musculature (focused)

Question 1

What muscles are epaxial muscles?

Answer 1

transversospinalae group, errectorspinae,

Question 2

What muscles are hypaxial muscles?

Answer 2

subvertebrals, external and internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominus, external and internal intercostals, supracostals, diapraghm

Question 3

what is the most important skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

diaphragm

Question 4

Hypaxial muscle gives rise to ________ and ________ musculature

Answer 4

hypobranchial and coraco

Question 5

what are the homologies of hypobranchial musculature?

Answer 5

sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 6

what are the homologies of branchiomeric musculature?

Answer 6

cranial nerves and branchial arches

Question 7

What muscles are associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 7

adductor mandibulae, levator palatoquadrati, intermandibularis, spiracularis

Question 8

What cranial nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 8

V, trigeminal

Question 9

What are the homologous muscles of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 9

adductor mandibulae - masseter, pterygoideus
intermandibularis - mylohyoid
temporalis, tensor tympani

Question 10

What muscles are associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 10

2nd dorsal constrictor, interhyoideus

Question 11

what cranial nerve innervates 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 11

VII, facial

Question 12

What are the homologies of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 12

posterior body of digastric, sphincter Colli, facial muscles of emotion, stapedius

Question 13

what muscles are associated with the 3rd-7th pharyngeal arches?

Answer 13

dorsal and ventral constrictors, interarcuals, interbranchials, cucullaris

Question 14

What cranial nerves innervate the 3rd-7th pharyngeal arches?

Answer 14

IX, glossopharyngeal (3rd arch), X, vagus and XI accessory (4th-7th arches)

Question 15

what are the homologies of the 3rd-7th pharyngeal arches?

Answer 15

stylopharyngeus, the posterior body of stylohyoideus, intrinsic muscles of larynx, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

Question 16

what are the dorsal intrinsic muscles (sharks, mammals, amniotes)

Answer 16

teres major, pectoral fin abductor, dorsalis scapulae, subscapularis, pectoral fin adductor, triceps brachii,digit extensors

Question 17

what are the ventral intrinsic muscles? (sharks, mammals, amniotes)

Answer 17

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, pectoral fin adductor, clavobranchialis, biceps brachii, brachialis, pectoral fin abductor, digit flexors

Question 18

What does the supracoracoideus muscle form in mammals? intrinsic or extrinsic? dorsal or ventral?

Answer 18

supraspinatus and infraspinatus, ventral intrinsic

Question 19

What is the function of the supracoracoideus muscle in birds?

Answer 19

tendon that runs over the coracoid region of pectoral girdle, acts as a pulley system to abduct wing as up stroke

Question 20

What are intrinsic muscles?

Answer 20

muscles originating on the girdle or proximal limb that insert on the distal limb

Question 21

what are extrinsic muscles?

Answer 21

originate directly on the lumbar or sacral region of the vertebral column that insert on girdle orlimb

Question 22

what are some extrinsic muscles in tetrapods?

Answer 22

subvertebralis, gluteus maximus

Question 23

what are the powerful electric organs in electric rays composed of?

Answer 23

striated muscle plaques, modified branchial musculature

Question 24

how many volts is the shock of an electric ray?

Answer 24

220 volts

Question 25

what did the ancient greeks use some electric ray species for?

Answer 25

anesthetic for operations, childbirth, headaches