Exam 3 Musculature (focused) Flashcards
What muscles are epaxial muscles?
transversospinalae group, errectorspinae,
What muscles are hypaxial muscles?
subvertebrals, external and internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominus, external and internal intercostals, supracostals, diapraghm
what is the most important skeletal muscle?
diaphragm
Hypaxial muscle gives rise to ________ and ________ musculature
hypobranchial and coraco
what are the homologies of hypobranchial musculature?
sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid
what are the homologies of branchiomeric musculature?
cranial nerves and branchial arches
What muscles are associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?
adductor mandibulae, levator palatoquadrati, intermandibularis, spiracularis
What cranial nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?
V, trigeminal
What are the homologous muscles of the 1st pharyngeal arch?
adductor mandibulae - masseter, pterygoideus
intermandibularis - mylohyoid
temporalis, tensor tympani
What muscles are associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
2nd dorsal constrictor, interhyoideus
what cranial nerve innervates 2nd pharyngeal arch?
VII, facial
What are the homologies of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
posterior body of digastric, sphincter Colli, facial muscles of emotion, stapedius
what muscles are associated with the 3rd-7th pharyngeal arches?
dorsal and ventral constrictors, interarcuals, interbranchials, cucullaris
What cranial nerves innervate the 3rd-7th pharyngeal arches?
IX, glossopharyngeal (3rd arch), X, vagus and XI accessory (4th-7th arches)
what are the homologies of the 3rd-7th pharyngeal arches?
stylopharyngeus, the posterior body of stylohyoideus, intrinsic muscles of larynx, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid
what are the dorsal intrinsic muscles (sharks, mammals, amniotes)
teres major, pectoral fin abductor, dorsalis scapulae, subscapularis, pectoral fin adductor, triceps brachii,digit extensors
what are the ventral intrinsic muscles? (sharks, mammals, amniotes)
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, pectoral fin adductor, clavobranchialis, biceps brachii, brachialis, pectoral fin abductor, digit flexors
What does the supracoracoideus muscle form in mammals? intrinsic or extrinsic? dorsal or ventral?
supraspinatus and infraspinatus, ventral intrinsic
What is the function of the supracoracoideus muscle in birds?
tendon that runs over the coracoid region of pectoral girdle, acts as a pulley system to abduct wing as up stroke
What are intrinsic muscles?
muscles originating on the girdle or proximal limb that insert on the distal limb
what are extrinsic muscles?
originate directly on the lumbar or sacral region of the vertebral column that insert on girdle orlimb
what are some extrinsic muscles in tetrapods?
subvertebralis, gluteus maximus
what are the powerful electric organs in electric rays composed of?
striated muscle plaques, modified branchial musculature
how many volts is the shock of an electric ray?
220 volts
what did the ancient greeks use some electric ray species for?
anesthetic for operations, childbirth, headaches