Integument (Lecture) Flashcards
What are the functions of integument?
protection and support, reception and transduction of external sensory input, osmoregulation, heat regulation, respiration, nutrition and nutrient storage, locomotion, coloration
Integument gives rise to which structures?
hair, feathers, teeth
What are some features of fish epidermis?
lacks keratinization and stratum corneum, basal layer is stratum germinitivum, unicellular glands produce mucus cuticle
What are some features of fish dermis?
stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum, collagen fibers arranged in piles, chromatophores
What is bias?
collagen fibers arranged in piles and oriented in alternating directions
what is the function of bias?
keeps skin taut, resists distortion, stores energy on the opposite flexed side during undulatory swimming
Ostracoderm bony armor is ________ derived
dermally
what are tubercles composed of?
enamel and dentin
what is the function of thread cells in hagfish?
acts as rebar, supports slime structure and reinforces
what is shagreen?
dried shark skin used anciently as sandpaper
what is the function of placoid scales?
reduce frictional drag, mechanical protection
T/F: placoid scales grow as animal grows
False, scales are shed then replaced
What do epidermal goblet cells secrete?
mucus cuticle that is bacterial resistant and reduces friction
what is imbrication?
scales overlap
Teleost scales are imbricated in which direction?
heat-to-tail
Epidermal scales may be modified into ______, _____, and _______
spines, crests, and scutes
why do many reptiles contain epidermally derived glands?
scent glands and femoral glands used for reproduction and defense
beaver tail is covered in _______ scales
epidermal
What are antlers composed of?
dermal bone attached to skull on a pedicle and shed annually
What are horns composed of?
bony core from skull surrounded by highly keratinized layer of epidermis
What digits do horses walk on?
3rd distal phalanx
what is the coffin bone?
3rd distal phalanx encased in hoof wall
what is the cannon bone in horses?
the 3rd metacarpal/metatarsal
What are mammary glands?
modified sebaceous glands containing secretory cells that produce milk
What is the function of guard hair?
superficial and oily, protects deeper thermoregulatory down hair
what is the function of quills?
protection
what is the function of vibrissae?
tactile whiskers for mechanoreception
Hair is ______ derived
dermally
In mammals, the epidermis consists of ______ layers, and the dermis consists of _____ layers
4-5, 2
what is preening?
the act of putting wax on feathers to waterproof
What is the function of the uropygial gland?
secretes a waxy substance for waterproofing and cleaning feathers
what is the function of the arrectores plumarum?
moves feathers within the follicles causing feathers to change position
