Integument (Lecture)

Question 1

What are the functions of integument?

Answer 1

protection and support, reception and transduction of external sensory input, osmoregulation, heat regulation, respiration, nutrition and nutrient storage, locomotion, coloration

Question 2

Integument gives rise to which structures?

Answer 2

hair, feathers, teeth

Question 3

What are some features of fish epidermis?

Answer 3

lacks keratinization and stratum corneum, basal layer is stratum germinitivum, unicellular glands produce mucus cuticle

Question 4

What are some features of fish dermis?

Answer 4

stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum, collagen fibers arranged in piles, chromatophores

Question 5

What is bias?

Answer 5

collagen fibers arranged in piles and oriented in alternating directions

Question 6

what is the function of bias?

Answer 6

keeps skin taut, resists distortion, stores energy on the opposite flexed side during undulatory swimming

Question 7

Ostracoderm bony armor is ________ derived

Answer 7

dermally

Question 8

what are tubercles composed of?

Answer 8

enamel and dentin

Question 9

what is the function of thread cells in hagfish?

Answer 9

acts as rebar, supports slime structure and reinforces

Question 10

what is shagreen?

Answer 10

dried shark skin used anciently as sandpaper

Question 11

what is the function of placoid scales?

Answer 11

reduce frictional drag, mechanical protection

Question 12

T/F: placoid scales grow as animal grows

Answer 12

False, scales are shed then replaced

Question 13

What do epidermal goblet cells secrete?

Answer 13

mucus cuticle that is bacterial resistant and reduces friction

Question 14

what is imbrication?

Answer 14

scales overlap

Question 15

Teleost scales are imbricated in which direction?

Answer 15

heat-to-tail

Question 16

Epidermal scales may be modified into ______, _____, and _______

Answer 16

spines, crests, and scutes

Question 17

why do many reptiles contain epidermally derived glands?

Answer 17

scent glands and femoral glands used for reproduction and defense

Question 18

beaver tail is covered in _______ scales

Answer 18

epidermal

Question 19

What are antlers composed of?

Answer 19

dermal bone attached to skull on a pedicle and shed annually

Question 20

What are horns composed of?

Answer 20

bony core from skull surrounded by highly keratinized layer of epidermis

Question 21

What digits do horses walk on?

Answer 21

3rd distal phalanx

Question 22

what is the coffin bone?

Answer 22

3rd distal phalanx encased in hoof wall

Question 23

what is the cannon bone in horses?

Answer 23

the 3rd metacarpal/metatarsal

Question 24

What are mammary glands?

Answer 24

modified sebaceous glands containing secretory cells that produce milk

Question 25

What is the function of guard hair?

Answer 25

superficial and oily, protects deeper thermoregulatory down hair

Question 26

what is the function of quills?

Answer 26

protection

Question 27

what is the function of vibrissae?

Answer 27

tactile whiskers for mechanoreception

Question 28

Hair is ______ derived

Answer 28

dermally

Question 29

In mammals, the epidermis consists of ______ layers, and the dermis consists of _____ layers

Answer 29

4-5, 2

Question 30

what is preening?

Answer 30

the act of putting wax on feathers to waterproof

Question 31

What is the function of the uropygial gland?

Answer 31

secretes a waxy substance for waterproofing and cleaning feathers

Question 32

what is the function of the arrectores plumarum?

Answer 32

moves feathers within the follicles causing feathers to change position