Exam 3 Nervous System (focused)

Question 1

What is the prosencephalon?

Answer 1

the forebrain

Question 2

what are the two subdivisions of the prosencephalon?

Answer 2

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 3

what is the telencephalon composed of?

Answer 3

cerebrum

Question 4

what is the diencephalon composed of?

Answer 4

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 5

what is the mesencephalon?

Answer 5

midbrain

Question 6

what is the mesencephalon composed of?

Answer 6

tectum and tegmentum

Question 7

what is the rhombencephalon?

Answer 7

hindbrain

Question 8

what are the two subdivisions of the rhombencephalon?

Answer 8

metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 9

what is the metencephalon composed of?

Answer 9

pons, cerebellum

Question 10

what is the myelencephalon composed of?

Answer 10

medulla oblongata

Question 11

T/F? reptiles have a pons

Answer 11

false, only in mammals

Question 12

what does gray matter consist of?

Answer 12

neuronal cell bodies

Question 13

what does white matter consist of?

Answer 13

myelinated axons from ascending sensory and descending motor tracts.

Question 14

what does the dorsal horn contain?

Answer 14

cell bodies of 2nd-order sensory neurons that receive terminations of 1st-order sensory neurons associated with receptors.

Question 15

where are the cell bodies of 1st-order sensory neurons located? sensory or motor? somatic, visceral, or both?

Answer 15

dorsal root ganglia, both sensory

Question 16

what does the ventral horn contain? somatic, visceral, or both?

Answer 16

cell bodies of lower motor neurons, somatic sensory

Question 17

what does the lateral horn contain? motor or sensory? visceral, somatic, somatic or both?

Answer 17

cell bodies involved with the sympathetic division of ANS, visceral motor

Question 18

where is the lateral horn located?

Answer 18

between T1 and L2

Question 19

how do neurons exit the lateral horn?

Answer 19

through the ventral root

Question 20

is the spinothalamic tract ascending or descending?

Answer 20

ascending

Question 21

what is the function of the spinothalamic tract?

Answer 21

transmits information to the brain about pain, temperature, pressure, and crude touch

Question 22

how does the spinothalamic tract function?

Answer 22

1st order sensory neuron axons from skin receptors enter dorsal root and synapse with 2nd order sensory neurons in the dorsal horn

Question 23

What do axons of the spinothalamic tract do?

Answer 23

decussate to other side of the spinal cord, travel up the brainstem as tract to the thalamus then on to the sensory cortex via 3rd order neurons

Question 24

is the corticospinal tract ascending or descending?

Answer 24

descending

Question 25

what is the function of the corticospinal tract?

Answer 25

innervate voluntary muscles

Question 26

how does the corticospinal tract fucntion?

Answer 26

neuronal cell bodies in the motor cortex (upper motor neurons) send axons down through the brain stem and spinal cord and synapse in the ventral horn with lower motor neurons

Question 27

what do axons of the corticospinal tract do?

Answer 27

decussate to the opposite side in the medulla, axons of lower motor neurons innervate striated (voluntary) muscles

Question 28

what type of muscles does the dorsal rami innervate?

Answer 28

epaxial

Question 29

what type of muscles dot he ventral rami innervate?

Answer 29

hypaxial

Question 30

What are the dorsal and ventral rami?

Answer 30

spinal nerves that divide to innervate different muscle groups

Question 31

T/F, explain why? spinal cord exhibits cervical and lumbar enlargements

Answer 31

true, large number of cell bodies to innervate forelimb and hindlimb