Sensory Systems 1 - Final Exam

Question 1

special somatic receptors

Answer 1

specialized and concentrated on body surface

Question 2

special visceral receptors

Answer 2

specialized and concentrated within body

Question 3

General somatic receptors

Answer 3

widely distributed on the body surface

Question 4

general visceral receptors

Answer 4

widely distributed within body surface

Question 5

what is the lateral line in fishes?

Answer 5

series of fluid-filled canals just below the skin of the head and sides of body (open to surrounding water through tiny pores

Question 6

what does the lateral line contain?

Answer 6

neuromast receptors, mechanoreceptors

Question 7

what are neuromast receptors? what is their function? what do they arise from?

Answer 7

consist of hair cells and cupula, displacement generates impulse, arise from ectodermal placodes

Question 8

What is the function of the mechanoreceptors?

Answer 8

detect water movement (pressure) produced by turbulence, currents, or low-frequency vibrations

Question 9

what is the function of the lateral line?

Answer 9

orientation, schooling, avoiding predators, finding prey

Question 10

what are the ampullae of lorenzini?

Answer 10

modified lateral line in the head region.

Question 11

what is the structure of the ampullae of lorenzini?

Answer 11

external pores and gel filled canal leads to ampulla housing neuromast

Question 12

What is the function of ampullae of Lorenzini? why is this important?

Answer 12

detect bioelectric fields, which may cause sharks to attack metal objects, the earths magnetic field interacting with ocean currents generate electric fields sharks use for migration

Question 13

Where is the inner ear membranous labyrinth located?

Answer 13

within a bony or cartilaginous labyrinth, surrounded by perilymph

Question 14

the inner ear membranous labyrinth usually consists of ____ semicircular ducts (anterior, posterior, horizontal), __________, and ___________

Answer 14

3, utricle, sacculus

Question 15

how many semicircular ducts do hagfish have? which ones?

Answer 15

1, posterior

Question 16

How many semicircular ducts do lampreys have? which ones?

Answer 16

2, anterior, posterior

Question 17

what is the lagena?

Answer 17

out pocket of sacculus, homologous to cochlea of mammals and birds

Question 18

fish have a ___________

Answer 18

lagena

Question 19

what is the function of the lagena of succulus in sharks?

Answer 19

receive sound waves, to detect prey

Question 20

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 20

when head rotates, inertia causes a slight movement of endolymph fluid in semicircular ducts, displaces cupula of crista (located within ampulla) generating impulses by hair cells

Question 21

what is static equilibrium?

Answer 21

hair cells of maculae generate impulses during linear acceleration

Question 22

what are the hair cells of maculae

Answer 22

flattened cupula containing a layer of otoliths

Question 23

T/F: otoliths are often extrinsic grain (sand particles)

Answer 23

true

Question 24

the weberian apparatus is a modification of the first _______ vertebrae in carp

Answer 24

4-5

Question 25

pressure waves vibrate _____________ swimbladder (resonating chamber) causing _______________ (connecting swimbladder to inner ear) to vibrate ___________ sound waves

Answer 25

physostomous, Weberian ossicles, amplifying

Question 26

the basilar membrane in mammals is __________ (each frequency has a characteristic place of resonance along it, high near base and low at apex)

Answer 26

tonotopic

Question 27

mammalian organ of corti is a specialized strip of _____________ (innervated by CN VIII) within coiled ____________

Answer 27

neuromasts, cochlear duct

Question 28

What does the mammalian organ of corti rest on?

Answer 28

a basilar membrane that vibrates when waves from middle ear ossicles propagate through fluid

Question 29

amphibians and most reptiles have a _________ on the surface of the head

Answer 29

tympanic membrane

Question 30

crocodilians, birds, and mammals have a ______________ that is deeper in the skull at the end of an air-filled passageway called the ______________

Answer 30

tympanic membrane, outer ear canal

Question 31

_________ of mammals collects and directs sound waves towards the _________________

Answer 31

pinna, tympanic membrane

Question 32

midddle ear cavity connected by ___________ tube, houses ear __________

Answer 32

eustachian tube, ear

Question 33

Amphibians, reptiles, and birds have a single middle ear ossicle called the ___________

Answer 33

columella

Question 34

mammals have ___ middle ear ossicles the __________, _________, and __________

Answer 34

3, malleus, incus, stapes

Question 35

what is echolocation?

Answer 35

emit calls out to the environment and listen to echoes of those calls that return from various objects

Question 36

T/F? toothed whales produce sound as air passes across phonic lip membranes, causing tissues to vibrate

Answer 36

true

Question 37

sound vibrations in toothed whales pass through _________ which shapes and directs sound into beam

Answer 37

melon

Question 38

what is the function of pit receptors? what CN innervates them?

Answer 38

sense infrared thermal radiation, CN V