Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the two components of the skeletal system?
- Axial Skeleton and 2. Appendicular Skeleton
Which type of skeleton makes up the head, neck, and trumk?
Axial
Which type of skeleton makes up the limbs and pectoral/pelvic girdles?
Appendicular
What two things make up the skeleton?
Cartilage and Bone
What surrounds the cartilage?
Periosteum
What surrounds the bone?
Perichondrium
What are the two types of cartilage?
Articular and Costal
Which type of cartilage attaches the ribs to the sternum?
Articular
Which type of cartilage is found in the synovial joints?
Costal
What is the relationship of aging and amount of cartilage?
As age increases, cartilage decreases
What type of tissue is cartilage a semi-rigid, resilient form of?
Connective Tissue
What type of connective tissue is a specialized, hardened form?
Bone
What are the [five] functions of bone?
Support, Protection, mechanical basis of movement, storage of salts (Ca), and continuous supply of BCs (marrow)
What are the two types of bone?
Spongy and compact
What is the relationship of spongy bone to compact bone?
All bones have a superficial layer of compact bone around a central mass of spongy bone
Where is marrow synthesized?
Medullary cavity
What type of bone is tubular in shape?
Long bones
What type of bone is cuboidal in shape?
Short bones
What type of bone have various shapes?
Irregular
What type of bone functions primarily for protection?
Flat
What type of bone protects the tendons?
Sesamoid
Give an example(s) of a long bone.
Femur, Humerus
Give an example(s) of a short bone.
Tarsus and Carpus
Give an example(s) of a flat bone.
Cranium, ribs, scapula
Give an example(s) of an irregular bone.
Face, vertebrae
Give an example(s) of a sesamoid bone.
Patella
What are the main parts of a bone?
- Epiphysis (each end w/ plate following) (head) 2. Metaphysis (neck) 3. Diaphysis (shaft)
What part of a bone is indicated by a small, round anticular head?
Capitulum
What part of a bone is a condyle?
Small, knuckle-like articulation area
What part of a bone is indicated by a ridge of the bone?
crest
What part of a bone is the epicondyle?
Emenence adj or superior to a condyle
What part of a bone is indicated by a smooth, flat area with cartilage where a bone is connected to another?
Facet
A foramen of a bone indicates what?
A passage through
What part of a bone is indicated by a hollow/depression?
Fossa
What part of a bone is indicated by an elongated depression/furrow?
Groove
A line in a bone indicates linear elevation. What is another name for this?
Ridge
What part of a bone is indicated by a rounded process?
Malleolus
What part of a bone is indicated by an indentation at the edge of the bone?
Notch
A process of a bone indicates what?
An extension/projection
What does a protuberance of a bone indicate?
Bulgy projection
What part of a bone is indicated by a thorn-like process?
Spine
What is a large, blunt elevated area of a bone called?
Trochanter
What is a spool-like articular process?
Trochlea
What part of a bone is indicated by a small, raised eminence?
Tubercle
What part of a bone is a large, rounded elevation?
Tuberosity
At what age is ossification primarily completed?
20 to 21 years
When does ossification of bone begin?
Embryonic Development
What is the specialized embryonic connective tissue that bones derive from?
Mesenchyme
What is the primary ossification center?
Diaphysis (gives a bone girth)
Where is the secondary ossification center?
Epiphysis (growth plate - gives a bone length)
What are the most apparent type of blood vessels in the bones?
Nutrient Arteries via nutrient foramina
What does the nutrient arteries divide into in the medullary cavity?
Logitudinal Branches
Name a few types of variations of bones.
- Accessory bones 2. Heterotopic bones 3. Atrophy, Hypertrophy 4. Fracture 5. Osteoporosis
