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Anatomy > Post Thigh, Gluteal region, & Popliteal fossa > Flashcards

Post Thigh, Gluteal region, & Popliteal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region?

A

iliac crest

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2
Q

What is the medial boundary of the gluteal region?

A

Sacrum and coccyx

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3
Q

What is the inferior border of the gluteal region?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament and ischial tubersity

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4
Q

What is the lateral border of the gluteal region?

A

greater trochanter

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5
Q

What is the primary cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region?

A

Clunials

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6
Q

What does the superior clunial supply? origin?

A

dorsal rami L1-L3, supplies skin over superior buttocks

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7
Q

What does the middle clunial supply? origin?

A

dorsal rami S1-S3, supplies skin over sacrum and adj. areas of buttocks

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8
Q

What does the inferior clunial supply? origin?

A

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, supplies skin of inferior 1/2 of buttocks

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9
Q

What other nerves have branches in the gluteal region?

A

Subcostal, iliohypogastric, and lateral femoreal cutaneous nerve

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10
Q

What are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus, minimus, medius, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, piriformis, Gemelli

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11
Q

What are the primary movements of the muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Abduction and Lateral Rotation

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12
Q

What is the primary innervation of the muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves and smaller branches of LS plexus

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13
Q

What are the ligaments of the gluteal region?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous

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14
Q

What structures does the sacrotuberous ligament connect?

A

PIIS, sacrum, and coccyx to ischial tuberosity

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15
Q

What structures does the sacrospinous ligament connect?

A

sacrum and coccyx to ishcial spine

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16
Q

What structures are formed the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments?

A

Greater and lesser foramina

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17
Q

What is the course and where does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A

pass through GSF superior to piriformis to innervate gluteus medius and minimus and TFL

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18
Q

What does the gluteal vessels supply?

A

Superficial - gluteus max deep - gluteus med and min, and TFL

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19
Q

What is the course and where does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

A

exit GSF inferior to piriformis and enters the deep surface of gluteus maximus to supply it

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20
Q

What does the gluteal vessels supply?

A

Gluteus max, Obturator internus, Quadratus femoris, and superior hamstrings

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21
Q

What is the course and where does the inferior sciatic nerve supply?

A

passes through GSF inferior to piriformis, descends posterior to obturator internus, gemelli, and quadratus femoris to enter the thigh to supply them as well as all the leg and foot muscles and most of its skin

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22
Q

What is the nerve the runs medial to the sciatic nerve and supplies cutaneous information to the posterior thigh?

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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23
Q

In the normal population, the sciatic nerve passes under what structure?

A

Piriformis muscle

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24
Q

In 12% of the population, what happens to the course of the sciatic nerve?

A

Passes through the piriformis

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25
Q

In ~0.5% of the population, what happens to the course of the sciatic nerve?

A

Passes over the piriformis

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26
Q

What is the largest and heaviest muscle in the body?

A

Gluteus maximus

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27
Q

What structure(s) separate the gluteus maximus for adjacent structures to reduce friction and allow for free movement?

A

Gluteal bursae

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28
Q

Where are the three usual bursae and describe what the separate?

A

Trochanteric (separate sup. fibers of Gluteus max from GT)
Ischial (inf part of gluteus max from ischial tuberosity - is often missing)
Glutofemoral (IT tract from sup part of prox attachment of vastus lateralis)

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29
Q

Describe how to test the gluteus medius and minimus.

A

Sidelying with the test limb uppermost and the lowermost limb flexed at the knee. Abduct the top thigh w/o flexion or rotation, and can be palpable inferior to iliac crest, post to TFL

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30
Q

What structure does the piriformis pass through to reach the greater trochanter?

A

GSF

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31
Q

What is the name of the tricipital muscle created by the Obturator internus and the two gemelli?

A

Triceps coxae

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32
Q

Where is the triceps coxae positioned?

A

the gap between the piriformis and quad fem

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33
Q

What is the course and distribution of the nerve to quadratus femoris?

A

leaves pelvis anterior to sciatic nerve and Obturator internus, passes over the posterior surface of the hip joint to supply it and innervate the quad fem and gemellus inf

34
Q

What nerve supplies the skin of the perineum via its perineal branch, skin of inf buttocks via posterior branches, and skin of post thigh and prox leg via inferior branches?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

35
Q

What nerve is the most medial to exit the pelvis through the GSF, descend inferior to piriformis, posterolateral to the sacrospinous ligament, and enter the perineum via LSF to supply this region?

A

Pudendal n.

36
Q

What nerve arises from anterior divisions of the anterior rami of L5-S2, parallels the pudendal nerve, passes around the ischial spine to supply the superior gemllus and Obturator internus (after entering the perineum via GSF)?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

37
Q

Before birth, what is the major artery of the posterior compartment?

A

Inferior gluteal a.

38
Q

What artery enters the gluteal region through the GSF inferior to piriformis, crosses the ischial spine, and enters the perineum through the LSF to supply the skin, external genitalia, and muscles of the perineum?

A

Internal pudendal a.

39
Q

Four smaller _ arteries branch off the _ _ artery to supply the majority of the hamstrings vastus lateralis.

A

Perforating, profunda femoris

40
Q

Describe the course of the perforating arteries.

A

Enter near ADD Mag and intermuscular septum - post compartment - give rise to muscular branches to hamstrings, anterior compartment - pierce the lateral intermuscular septum to supply the hamstrings and continues to supply the VL

41
Q

What is the palpable part of the intergluteal cleft?

A

Coccyx

42
Q

The position of the PSIS can be located at the bottom of the back dimples how many centimeters from the midline?

A

3.75

43
Q

How can the gluteus maximus be felt?

A

By contracting when straightening up from bending over, an imaginary line from coccyx to ischial tuberosity, or PSIS to the point just superior of the greater trochanter

44
Q

What is the skin crease inferior to the gluteal fold that delinates the buttocks from the posterior thigh?

A

Gluteal sulcus

45
Q

When can you palpate the ischial tuberosity?

A

when thigh is flexed b/c gluteus max slips off tuberosity, which is then subcutaneous, feel it as you bend to sit

46
Q

The superior gluteus medius can be palpated between the max and iliac crest in what standing position?

A

all weight on an ipsilateral limb

47
Q

A line joining the back dimple formed by the PSIS and greater trochanter marks what?

A

superior pirifiormis

48
Q

What is the nerve that can be palpated at the midpoint between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity that stretches as thigh is flexed, knee is extended?

A

Sciatic nerve

49
Q

How can you observe the T band?

A

on lat thigh as it passes to the lateral tibial condyle when sitting down w/ lower limb extended, raise heel off the floor - can feel the ant border passing just posterior to lateral patella

50
Q

What tendons can be observed and palpated at the popliteal fossa?

A

Hamstring tendons

51
Q

Trochanteric bursitis occurs from what type of actions?

A

Repetitive (climbing stairs, running steep incline on treadmill)

52
Q

What is trochanteric bursitis characterized as and what muscle does it involve?

A

point tenderness over GT radiating along IT band, Gluteus max

53
Q

What occurs from excessive friction between the ischial bursae and tuberosities?

A

Ischial bursitis

54
Q

Where can an injection for a sciatic nerve anesthetic block be injected?

A

A few cms inferior to midpoint of PSIS and superior GT

55
Q

What occurs due to a complete section of the sciatic nerve?

A

extension and flexion of the hip is impaired, rendering the leg useless, also lose all foot movement

56
Q

Where are the safe zones for intragluteal injections?

A

superolateral quadrant of buttocks, superior to line extending from PSIS to GT, and anterolateral thigh

57
Q

Injury to what nerve results in a disabled gluteus medius, characterized by a limp to compensate for weakened thigh abduction?

A

Superior Gluteal n.

58
Q

What test is positive when injury to the superior gluteal nerve results in motor loss?

A

Trendelenburg

59
Q

What is the primary cutaneous innervation of the posterior thigh and over popliteal fossa? origin?

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous ventral primary rami (S1-S3)

60
Q

The posterior thigh primarily results in what type of movements?

A

Leg flexion, thigh extension

61
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve

62
Q

What are the “hamstring” muscles of the posterior thigh?

A

biceps femoris, semitendonosus, semimembranosus

63
Q

What are the three divisions of the semimembranosus?

A
  1. direct attachment to posterior medial condyle
  2. blends with popliteal fossa
  3. Refelcted part that reinforces the intercondylar part of joint capsle of knee as the oblique popliteal ligament
64
Q

what is the diamond shaped hollow on the posterior surface of knee?

A

Popliteal fossa

65
Q

What is the superolateral boundary of the PF?

A

Biceps Fem

66
Q

What is the superomedial boundary of the PF?

A

semiTend and semiMemb

67
Q

What is the inferolateral boundary of the PF?

A

Lateral gastroc head

68
Q

What is the inferomedial boundary of the PF?

A

Medial gastroc head

69
Q

What is the roof of the PF?

A

Fascia lata

70
Q

What is the Floor of the PF?

A

popliteal surface of femur, capsule, and obliguq popliteal ligament

71
Q

What nerve travels right down the medial of the PF?

A

Tibial n.

72
Q

What nerve skirts aling the lateral border of the PF?

A

Common peroneal (fibular)

73
Q

What are the contents of the PF?

A

tibial n, common peroneal n, origins of sural n, popliteal vessels

74
Q

The popliteal artery is a continuation of what artery?

A

Femoral a.

75
Q

What structure does the popliteal artery pass through then divides at inferior borders?

A

Adductor hiatus of the PF

76
Q

What are the two divisions of the popliteal artery?

A

Anterior tibial and posterior tibial

77
Q

The anterior tibial supplies the anterior leg, while the posterior tibial supplies the posterior leg, but the post. tibial also gives rise to what artery to help supply the post and lateral leg?

A

Peroneal

78
Q

The popliteal artery has four additional arteries that surround the knee. What are they?

A

Genicular anastomoses - superior medial and lateral and inferior medial and lateral

79
Q

What are the two nerves that create the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial and common peroneal

80
Q

After passing over the posterior head of fibula, the common peroneal nerve splits into what two nerves to supply what?

A

superficial preoneal n - lateral leg, deep peroneal n - anterior leg

81
Q

What muscles make up the pes anserinus?

A

SGT - sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

Anatomy (19 decks)

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