Ant & Med Thigh and Some Tib/Fib Flashcards
1
Q
Which bone is the longest in the body, making up the thigh?
A
Femur
2
Q
What bone is the second longest in the body, makes up part of the leg?
A
Tibia
3
Q
What structure attaches the tibia and fibula?
A
Tibiofibular syndesmosis (included interosseous membrane)
4
Q
What is the head of the femur covered in?
A
Articular cartilage
5
Q
What structure on the head of the femur serves as the attachment point for it?
A
Fovea
6
Q
What is the large, laterally places bony mass that projects superiorly and posteriorly where the neck joins the shaft?
A
Greater trochanter
7
Q
What is the roughened ridge formed by the attachment of the iliofemoral ligament, where the neck and shaft meet?
A
intertrochanteric line
8
Q
What is the abrupt, conical, rounded structure on the femur that extends medially from the junction of the neck and shaft?
A
Lesser trochanter
9
Q
What does the lesser trochanter give tendinous attachment for?
A
Iliopsoas = primary thigh flexor
10
Q
What other ridge structure of the femur joins the trochanters posteriorly?
A
Intertrochanteric crest
11
Q
What is the rounded elevation on the intertrochanteric crest?
A
Quadrate Tubercle
12
Q
What does the quadrate tubercle overhang?
A
Trochanteric fossa
13
Q
What is the broad, rough line in the shaft of the femur for attachment on the adductor muscles?
A
linea aspera
14
Q
What ridge extends from the central part of the linea aspera to the lesser trochanter?
A
Pectineal line
15
Q
What does the linea aspera divide into?
A
Medial and lateral supracondylar lines
16
Q
What primarily makes up the distal ends of the femur?
A
medial and lateral condyles
17
Q
What separates the condyles posteriorly and inferiorly?
A
Intercondylar fossa
18
Q
What is the shallow, longitudinal depression that is formed after the anterior merging of the condyles?
A
Patellar surface
19
Q
What projections form superior to the condyles?
A
Epicondyles
20
Q
What elevated structure provides attachment for the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the knee joint?
A
adductor tubercle
21
Q
What structures are formed at the superior end of the tibia that overhang the shaft?
A
Medial and lateral condyles
22
Q
What structure separates the condyles of the femur?
A
intercondylar eminence (formed by two intercondylar tubercles)
23
Q
Where do the tubercles of the tibia fit into the femoral condyles?
A
Intercondylar fossa
24
Q
What is the broad, oblong structure (at the superior end of the anterior border) that provides the distal attachment for the patellar ligament?
A
Tibial tuberosity
25
What are the expansions at the medial distal end of the tibia?
medial Malleolus
26
What is the function of the fibula since it doesn't function in weight bearing?
Attachment for muscles
27
What structures are formed at the lateral distal end of the fibula to form the superior portion of the ankle?
Lateral malleolus
28
How does development of limbs begin?
As metameres that correspond to and receive innervation from the corresponding SC segments
29
When do upper limb buds appear and how do they appear?
During 4th week, as elevations of C5-T1
30
When do lower limbs bud and how do they grow?
Week 5, laterally from broader bases formed by L2-S2 segments
31
By the end of what week do the proximal parts of the limbs undergo a 90 degree torsion so they direct caudally (elbow) and crainially (knee)?
end of 7th week
32
What appear by the end of the 8th week?
Notches that appear as separate digits
33
Gaps develop between precursors of long bones for what to occur?
Flexures (future joints)
34
What is the name given to an decreased angle of inclination which can weaken the femur and limit abduction? Increased angle?
Coxa vara, coxa valga
35
What is the process of delivering hydration, blood, and medications directly into the medullary cavity when peripheral venous access is otherwise difficult or impossible?
Intraosseous infusion
36
What is the most common site for intraosseous infusion? What are other able sites?
1. Proximal tibia 2. distal femur, tibia, or fibula, proximal humerus, manubrium
37
What is the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
38
What is the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius
39
What is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
40
What is the roof of the femoral triangle?
Fascia lata
41
What is the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas and pectineus
42
What is the space created by the inguinal ligament spanning the gaps between ASIS and pubic tubercle?
Retro-inguinal space
43
The retro-inguinal space serves as what?
A passageway connecting the trunk and abdominopelvic cavity to the lower limb
44
What are the two compartments and what do they contain?
1. muscular - iliopsoas and femoral nerve pass from greater pelvic to ant thigh
2. Vascular - passage of veins, arteries, and lymph from GP to ant thigh
45
What are two alternative names for the Adductor canal?
Subsartorius canal, Hunters canal
46
What is the adductor canal?
narrow fascial tunnel allowing fot the femoral vessels to the popliteal fossa
47
Where is the location of the adductor canal?
Begins where sartorius passes over ADD long and ends at ADD hiatus of ADD Mag
48
What is the anterolateral boundary of the adductor canal?
Vastus medialis
49
What is the posterior boundary of the adductor canal?
ADD long and mag
50
What is the medial boundary of the adductor canal?
Sartorius
51
As the femoral vein and artery pass through the adductor canal, what do they become as they exit the hiatus?
Popliteal vein and artery
52
What is the fascial tube that lines the vascular compartment of the retroinguinal space?
Femoral sheath
53
What is the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery
54
What is the intermediate compartment of femoral sheath?
Femoral vein
55
What it the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?
Adductor canal
56
What structure is at the base of the adductor canal forming an opening?
Femoral ring
57
What is formed by the closed femoral ring with extraperitoneal fatty tissue?
Femoral septum
58
What does the femoral vein receive?
profunda fem vein, the GSV, and other tributaries
59
The femoral vein is the continuation of what vein proximal to the adductor hiatus?
Popliteal
60
The femoral artery is the continuation of what artey?
External Iliac
61
What are the anterior branches off the femoral artery?
Superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, and superficial and deep pudendal arteries
62
What is the chief thigh artery that branches off the femoral artery?
Profunda femoris
63
What are the branches off the Profunda femoris artery and what do they suuply?
Medial circumflex - thigh muscles, lateral circumflex - superior head of femur
64
What artery helps the profunda femoral supply the adductor muscles via anterior and posterior branchess?
Obturator artery
65
What do the posterior branches of the obturator artery supply?
Head of femur
66
What does the paralysis of the quadriceps inhibit?
Extension of leg against resistance
67
What is the common condition in marathon unners in which softening of the cartilage of the knee occurs?
Chondromalacia patellae
68
True/False:The patella begins as cartilage and ossifies at age 3-6.
True
69
What can occur as an abnormal ossification of the patella
bipartite or tripartite patella
70
What muscle of the thigh can commonly be removed with low consequence for transplant for a damaged muscle?
Gracilis
71
What is the term given to a localized dilation of the great saphenous vein which can cause edema in the femoral triangle?
saphenous varix
72
Describe a femoral hernia.
Protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the canal
73
In 20% of people, an enlarged branch of what artery replaces the obturator OR joins it as an accessory obturator?
Inferior epigastric
74
What condition can the replacement of the obturator artery by inferior epigastric cause?
strangulated femoral hernia
75
What are the three compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, posterior, medial
76
What structure divides the three compartments?
Intermuscular septa (extension of the deep fascia lata)
77
What are the flexors of the thigh?
Pectineus, Iliopsoas, Iliacus, and Sartorius
78
What are the extensors of the knee?
Quad fem (Rectus fem, vastus intermedialis, lateralis, and medialis)
79
What are the adductors of the thigh?
Adductor long, mag, brevis, Gracilis, Obturator externus
80
What nerve primarily supplies the anterior thigh musces?
Femoral
81
What nerve primarily supplies the medial thigh muscles?
Obturator
82
What anterior muscle may receive a branch of the obturator?
Pectineus
83
What nerve supplies the hamstring part of the ADD mag, different form the adductor part?
tibial part of Sciatic nerve
84
What is the longest muscle?
Sartorius
85
What is the chief flexor of the thigh?
Iliopsoas
86
What is the muscle that lies in the deep superomedial thigh extending from obturator membrane and pelvis to the posterior greater trochanter, under the acetabulum?
Obturator externus
87
What is the opening between the aponeurotic distal attachment of the adductor part of the adductor magnus and tendinous distal attachment of the hamstring part?
Adductor hiatus
88
What is the primary artery of the thigh?
Femoral
89
What does the femoral artery turn into after the adductor hiatus?
Popliteal artery
90
What deep artery branches off the femoral artery to pass between the pectineus to descend posterior to the medial side of femur?
Profunda femoris
91
What does the profunda femoris artery supply?
3-4 perforating arteries pass through ADD mag to wind around femur to supply the muscles in the medial, posterior, and lateral part of anterior thigh?
92
What artery(s) branch off the profunda femoris?
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
93
Which circumflex artery supplies the head and neck of femur primarily?
Medial
94
Which circumflex artery supplies the anterior gluteal region and part of the femur?
Lateral
95
What does the obturator artery supply and where is its origin?
internal iliac. ant: obturator externus, pectineus, adductors of thigh, and gracilis Post: muscles attached to ischial tuberosity
96
What are the two major superficial veins of the lower limbs?
Great and small saphenous veins
97
What forms the GSV?
Union of the dorsal vein of great toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot.
98
What vein does the GSV empty into?
Femoral vein
99
As the GSV ascends the thigh, the GSV receives numerous _ veins which is the major communication between _ and _.
Accessory saphenous veins, GSV and SSV
100
What veins arise from networks in the inferior thigh and enter GSV just before it enters the femoral vein?
Lateral and anterior cutaneous
101
Near termination, the GSV also received what veins?
Superificial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric, and external pudendal veins
102
The union of what veins forms the small saphenous vein?
dorsal vein of the little foot and dorsal venous arch
103
Where does the SSV empty?
Popliteal vein in its fossa
104
What veins run obliquely, penetrating the deep fascia to compress in response to increased pressure?
Perforating veins
105
What are the deep veins of the lower limb?
Accompanying veins, anterior tibial vein, medial and later plantar veins from the posterior tibial and fibular veins
106
What nerve supplies the skin of the hip inferior to the anterior iliac crest and greater trochanter? Origin?
Subcostal, T12
107
The iliohypogastric nerve splits into anterior and lateral cutaneous branches. What does the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve supply? origin?
Superolateral buttock, L1
108
What nerve supplies the skin over medial femoral triangle? origin?
Ilioinguinal, L1
109
What does the Genitofemoral nerve supply? origin?
Lateral femoral triangle and anterior scrotum/labia, L1-L2
110
What nerve supplies the skin on the anterior an inferior aspects of the thigh? origin?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, L2-L3
111
What does the anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply? origin?
Skin of anterior and medial thigh, L2-L4
112
What does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve supply? origin?
skin of middle part of medial thigh, L2-L4
113
What supplies the skin of the posterior thigh and popliteal fossa? origin?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, S1-S3
114
What does the saphenous nerve supply? origin?
L3-L4, skin on medial side of leg and foot
