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Anatomy > Ant & Med Thigh and Some Tib/Fib > Flashcards

Ant & Med Thigh and Some Tib/Fib Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone is the longest in the body, making up the thigh?

A

Femur

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2
Q

What bone is the second longest in the body, makes up part of the leg?

A

Tibia

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3
Q

What structure attaches the tibia and fibula?

A

Tibiofibular syndesmosis (included interosseous membrane)

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4
Q

What is the head of the femur covered in?

A

Articular cartilage

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5
Q

What structure on the head of the femur serves as the attachment point for it?

A

Fovea

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6
Q

What is the large, laterally places bony mass that projects superiorly and posteriorly where the neck joins the shaft?

A

Greater trochanter

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7
Q

What is the roughened ridge formed by the attachment of the iliofemoral ligament, where the neck and shaft meet?

A

intertrochanteric line

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8
Q

What is the abrupt, conical, rounded structure on the femur that extends medially from the junction of the neck and shaft?

A

Lesser trochanter

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9
Q

What does the lesser trochanter give tendinous attachment for?

A

Iliopsoas = primary thigh flexor

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10
Q

What other ridge structure of the femur joins the trochanters posteriorly?

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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11
Q

What is the rounded elevation on the intertrochanteric crest?

A

Quadrate Tubercle

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12
Q

What does the quadrate tubercle overhang?

A

Trochanteric fossa

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13
Q

What is the broad, rough line in the shaft of the femur for attachment on the adductor muscles?

A

linea aspera

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14
Q

What ridge extends from the central part of the linea aspera to the lesser trochanter?

A

Pectineal line

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15
Q

What does the linea aspera divide into?

A

Medial and lateral supracondylar lines

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16
Q

What primarily makes up the distal ends of the femur?

A

medial and lateral condyles

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17
Q

What separates the condyles posteriorly and inferiorly?

A

Intercondylar fossa

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18
Q

What is the shallow, longitudinal depression that is formed after the anterior merging of the condyles?

A

Patellar surface

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19
Q

What projections form superior to the condyles?

A

Epicondyles

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20
Q

What elevated structure provides attachment for the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

A

adductor tubercle

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21
Q

What structures are formed at the superior end of the tibia that overhang the shaft?

A

Medial and lateral condyles

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22
Q

What structure separates the condyles of the femur?

A

intercondylar eminence (formed by two intercondylar tubercles)

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23
Q

Where do the tubercles of the tibia fit into the femoral condyles?

A

Intercondylar fossa

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24
Q

What is the broad, oblong structure (at the superior end of the anterior border) that provides the distal attachment for the patellar ligament?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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25
Q

What are the expansions at the medial distal end of the tibia?

A

medial Malleolus

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26
Q

What is the function of the fibula since it doesn’t function in weight bearing?

A

Attachment for muscles

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27
Q

What structures are formed at the lateral distal end of the fibula to form the superior portion of the ankle?

A

Lateral malleolus

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28
Q

How does development of limbs begin?

A

As metameres that correspond to and receive innervation from the corresponding SC segments

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29
Q

When do upper limb buds appear and how do they appear?

A

During 4th week, as elevations of C5-T1

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30
Q

When do lower limbs bud and how do they grow?

A

Week 5, laterally from broader bases formed by L2-S2 segments

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31
Q

By the end of what week do the proximal parts of the limbs undergo a 90 degree torsion so they direct caudally (elbow) and crainially (knee)?

A

end of 7th week

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32
Q

What appear by the end of the 8th week?

A

Notches that appear as separate digits

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33
Q

Gaps develop between precursors of long bones for what to occur?

A

Flexures (future joints)

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34
Q

What is the name given to an decreased angle of inclination which can weaken the femur and limit abduction? Increased angle?

A

Coxa vara, coxa valga

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35
Q

What is the process of delivering hydration, blood, and medications directly into the medullary cavity when peripheral venous access is otherwise difficult or impossible?

A

Intraosseous infusion

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36
Q

What is the most common site for intraosseous infusion? What are other able sites?

A
  1. Proximal tibia 2. distal femur, tibia, or fibula, proximal humerus, manubrium
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37
Q

What is the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

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38
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius

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39
Q

What is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus

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40
Q

What is the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

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41
Q

What is the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas and pectineus

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42
Q

What is the space created by the inguinal ligament spanning the gaps between ASIS and pubic tubercle?

A

Retro-inguinal space

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43
Q

The retro-inguinal space serves as what?

A

A passageway connecting the trunk and abdominopelvic cavity to the lower limb

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44
Q

What are the two compartments and what do they contain?

A
  1. muscular - iliopsoas and femoral nerve pass from greater pelvic to ant thigh
  2. Vascular - passage of veins, arteries, and lymph from GP to ant thigh
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45
Q

What are two alternative names for the Adductor canal?

A

Subsartorius canal, Hunters canal

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46
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

narrow fascial tunnel allowing fot the femoral vessels to the popliteal fossa

47
Q

Where is the location of the adductor canal?

A

Begins where sartorius passes over ADD long and ends at ADD hiatus of ADD Mag

48
Q

What is the anterolateral boundary of the adductor canal?

A

Vastus medialis

49
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the adductor canal?

A

ADD long and mag

50
Q

What is the medial boundary of the adductor canal?

A

Sartorius

51
Q

As the femoral vein and artery pass through the adductor canal, what do they become as they exit the hiatus?

A

Popliteal vein and artery

52
Q

What is the fascial tube that lines the vascular compartment of the retroinguinal space?

A

Femoral sheath

53
Q

What is the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery

54
Q

What is the intermediate compartment of femoral sheath?

A

Femoral vein

55
Q

What it the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?

A

Adductor canal

56
Q

What structure is at the base of the adductor canal forming an opening?

A

Femoral ring

57
Q

What is formed by the closed femoral ring with extraperitoneal fatty tissue?

A

Femoral septum

58
Q

What does the femoral vein receive?

A

profunda fem vein, the GSV, and other tributaries

59
Q

The femoral vein is the continuation of what vein proximal to the adductor hiatus?

A

Popliteal

60
Q

The femoral artery is the continuation of what artey?

A

External Iliac

61
Q

What are the anterior branches off the femoral artery?

A

Superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, and superficial and deep pudendal arteries

62
Q

What is the chief thigh artery that branches off the femoral artery?

A

Profunda femoris

63
Q

What are the branches off the Profunda femoris artery and what do they suuply?

A

Medial circumflex - thigh muscles, lateral circumflex - superior head of femur

64
Q

What artery helps the profunda femoral supply the adductor muscles via anterior and posterior branchess?

A

Obturator artery

65
Q

What do the posterior branches of the obturator artery supply?

A

Head of femur

66
Q

What does the paralysis of the quadriceps inhibit?

A

Extension of leg against resistance

67
Q

What is the common condition in marathon unners in which softening of the cartilage of the knee occurs?

A

Chondromalacia patellae

68
Q

True/False:The patella begins as cartilage and ossifies at age 3-6.

A

True

69
Q

What can occur as an abnormal ossification of the patella

A

bipartite or tripartite patella

70
Q

What muscle of the thigh can commonly be removed with low consequence for transplant for a damaged muscle?

A

Gracilis

71
Q

What is the term given to a localized dilation of the great saphenous vein which can cause edema in the femoral triangle?

A

saphenous varix

72
Q

Describe a femoral hernia.

A

Protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the canal

73
Q

In 20% of people, an enlarged branch of what artery replaces the obturator OR joins it as an accessory obturator?

A

Inferior epigastric

74
Q

What condition can the replacement of the obturator artery by inferior epigastric cause?

A

strangulated femoral hernia

75
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, posterior, medial

76
Q

What structure divides the three compartments?

A

Intermuscular septa (extension of the deep fascia lata)

77
Q

What are the flexors of the thigh?

A

Pectineus, Iliopsoas, Iliacus, and Sartorius

78
Q

What are the extensors of the knee?

A

Quad fem (Rectus fem, vastus intermedialis, lateralis, and medialis)

79
Q

What are the adductors of the thigh?

A

Adductor long, mag, brevis, Gracilis, Obturator externus

80
Q

What nerve primarily supplies the anterior thigh musces?

A

Femoral

81
Q

What nerve primarily supplies the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator

82
Q

What anterior muscle may receive a branch of the obturator?

A

Pectineus

83
Q

What nerve supplies the hamstring part of the ADD mag, different form the adductor part?

A

tibial part of Sciatic nerve

84
Q

What is the longest muscle?

A

Sartorius

85
Q

What is the chief flexor of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas

86
Q

What is the muscle that lies in the deep superomedial thigh extending from obturator membrane and pelvis to the posterior greater trochanter, under the acetabulum?

A

Obturator externus

87
Q

What is the opening between the aponeurotic distal attachment of the adductor part of the adductor magnus and tendinous distal attachment of the hamstring part?

A

Adductor hiatus

88
Q

What is the primary artery of the thigh?

A

Femoral

89
Q

What does the femoral artery turn into after the adductor hiatus?

A

Popliteal artery

90
Q

What deep artery branches off the femoral artery to pass between the pectineus to descend posterior to the medial side of femur?

A

Profunda femoris

91
Q

What does the profunda femoris artery supply?

A

3-4 perforating arteries pass through ADD mag to wind around femur to supply the muscles in the medial, posterior, and lateral part of anterior thigh?

92
Q

What artery(s) branch off the profunda femoris?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

93
Q

Which circumflex artery supplies the head and neck of femur primarily?

A

Medial

94
Q

Which circumflex artery supplies the anterior gluteal region and part of the femur?

A

Lateral

95
Q

What does the obturator artery supply and where is its origin?

A

internal iliac. ant: obturator externus, pectineus, adductors of thigh, and gracilis Post: muscles attached to ischial tuberosity

96
Q

What are the two major superficial veins of the lower limbs?

A

Great and small saphenous veins

97
Q

What forms the GSV?

A

Union of the dorsal vein of great toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot.

98
Q

What vein does the GSV empty into?

A

Femoral vein

99
Q

As the GSV ascends the thigh, the GSV receives numerous _ veins which is the major communication between _ and _.

A

Accessory saphenous veins, GSV and SSV

100
Q

What veins arise from networks in the inferior thigh and enter GSV just before it enters the femoral vein?

A

Lateral and anterior cutaneous

101
Q

Near termination, the GSV also received what veins?

A

Superificial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric, and external pudendal veins

102
Q

The union of what veins forms the small saphenous vein?

A

dorsal vein of the little foot and dorsal venous arch

103
Q

Where does the SSV empty?

A

Popliteal vein in its fossa

104
Q

What veins run obliquely, penetrating the deep fascia to compress in response to increased pressure?

A

Perforating veins

105
Q

What are the deep veins of the lower limb?

A

Accompanying veins, anterior tibial vein, medial and later plantar veins from the posterior tibial and fibular veins

106
Q

What nerve supplies the skin of the hip inferior to the anterior iliac crest and greater trochanter? Origin?

A

Subcostal, T12

107
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve splits into anterior and lateral cutaneous branches. What does the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve supply? origin?

A

Superolateral buttock, L1

108
Q

What nerve supplies the skin over medial femoral triangle? origin?

A

Ilioinguinal, L1

109
Q

What does the Genitofemoral nerve supply? origin?

A

Lateral femoral triangle and anterior scrotum/labia, L1-L2

110
Q

What nerve supplies the skin on the anterior an inferior aspects of the thigh? origin?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, L2-L3

111
Q

What does the anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply? origin?

A

Skin of anterior and medial thigh, L2-L4

112
Q

What does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve supply? origin?

A

skin of middle part of medial thigh, L2-L4

113
Q

What supplies the skin of the posterior thigh and popliteal fossa? origin?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, S1-S3

114
Q

What does the saphenous nerve supply? origin?

A

L3-L4, skin on medial side of leg and foot

Anatomy (19 decks)

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