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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary functions of the nervous system?

A

Reaction to stimuli, control/integration of various activities of the body, government of movement

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2
Q

What two things does nervous tissue contain?

A

Neurons and Glial cells (neuroglia)

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3
Q

What is the structural unit of the nervous system?

A

Neurons

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4
Q

What are the components of a neuron?

A

Cell body, axons (myelin surrounding some), dendrites

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5
Q

What is the function of a neuron?

A

To transmit impulses by neurotransmitters

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6
Q

What is the function of a glial cell?

A

Supporting, Insulating, and nourishing the neurons

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7
Q

What are the four types of CNS Glial cells and two types of PNS Glial cells?

A
  1. Oligodendroglia 2. Astrocytes 3. Ependymal cells 4. microglia 1. satellite cells 2. Schwann cells (neurolemma)
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8
Q

What are the two components of the nervous system?

A

Central and Peripheral

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9
Q

What are the two structures that make up the central nervous system?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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10
Q

What are the two things that make up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Nerve fibers and cell bodies

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11
Q

Which of the nervous systems functions to integrate and coordinate outgoing signals?

A

CNS

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12
Q

Which of the nervous systems functions in higher mental thinking?

A

CNS

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13
Q

Which of the nervous systems functions to conduct impulses to the body?

A

PNS

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14
Q

What structure of the brain is an H shape?

A

Gray matter

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15
Q

What structure of the brain surrounds the gray matter?

A

White matter

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16
Q

What are the layers that support the SC, superficially to deepest?

A

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

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17
Q

What are some neuropathies involving Schwann cells?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Guillian-Barre

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18
Q

What do Schwann cells function to do?

A

Support neurons

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19
Q

What type of nerve fibers are known as sensory?

A

Afferent

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20
Q

What type of nerve fibers are known as motor?

A

Efferent

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21
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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22
Q

Which nerve root is efferent in function?

A

Anterior (Ventral) Root

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23
Q

Which nerve root is afferent in function?

A

Posterior (Dorsal) Root

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24
Q

What forms at development that give rise to muscles, bones, and other connective tissue?

A

Somites

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25
Q

What type of somites are on the medial side?

A

Sclerotomes

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26
Q

What type of somites are on the lateral side?

A

Dermatomyotomes

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27
Q

What is known as the unilateral area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve?

A

Dermatome

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28
Q

What is known as the unilateral mass of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve?

A

Myotome

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29
Q

What does the posterior rami supply?

A

Nerve fibers to the synovial joints of the SC, epaxial muscles of the back, and the overlying skin.

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30
Q

What does the anterior rami supply?

A

Nerve fibers to the skin, hypaxial muscles of the ant/LAt trunk, upper and lower limbs

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31
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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32
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8 pairs

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33
Q

How many thoracic nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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34
Q

How many lumbar nerves are there?

A

5 pairs

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35
Q

How many sacral nerves are there?

36
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are there?

37
Q

What do somatic sensory fibers do?

A

Transmit sensations from the body to CNS

38
Q

What do somatic motor fibers do?

A

Transmit impulses to skeletal muscle

39
Q

What type of fibers transmit pain or subconscious reflex sensations from hollow organs to CNS?

A

Visceral Sensory Fibers

40
Q

What type of fibers transmit impulses to smooth muscle and glandular tissues?

A

Visceral Motor Fibers

41
Q

What are some variations to the NS?

A

Permanent disability, nerve degeneration, parathesia (pins-and-needles), Cutting nerve injury, ischemia

42
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Stimulate Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular cells

43
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A

Provide sensory and motor innervation

44
Q

What are the two parts of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

45
Q

What neurotransmitter does the Sympathetic ANS typically liberate?

A

Norepinephrine

46
Q

What neurotransmitters does the Parasympathetic ANS typically liberate?

A

Achetylcholine

47
Q

The nerve cell body of what neuron is located in the gray matter?

A

Presynaptic neuron

48
Q

What is the second neuron of the cell body?

A

Postsynaptic neuron

49
Q

Where are the postsynaptic neurons located?

A

autonomic ganglia

50
Q

What two locations contain nuclei of the SC?

A

Paravertebral ganglia and prevertebral ganglia

51
Q

What is the main function of the sympathetic system?

A

Regulate BVs and facilitate emergency respones (fight or flight)

52
Q

Where are the presynaptic parasympathetic nerve cell bodies located?

A

Cranial Parasympathetic outflow (in the gray matter)

53
Q

In what two places can the presynaptic parasympathetic nerve cells exit the CNS?

A

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X OR sacral parasympathetic outflow via S2-S4

54
Q

Primarily where are parasympathetic neurons located?

A

Viscera of head, neck and cavities of the trunk and erectile tissues of genitalia

55
Q

What is the primary role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Body conservation(sometimes Reverses the sympathetic nervous system)

56
Q

What body part does the Enteric Nervous System usually intervene with?

57
Q

What information does the ENS provide?

A

The condition of the body’s internal environment

58
Q

What do visceral reflexes regulate?

A

BP and chemistry

59
Q

Visceral sensations at the conscious level can include what?

A

Pain, cramps, hunger, fullness, nausea

60
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated to the mid deltoid?

61
Q

C6 sensory innervates what area of the body?

A

Dorsal aspect of thumb web space

62
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated to the dorsal aspect of the middle finger?

63
Q

C8 sensory innervates what area of the body?

A

Medial border of 5th metatarsal

64
Q

What nerve sensory innervates the medial forearm?

65
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of C1-2 control?

A

Cervical Flexion

66
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of C3 control?

A

Cervical Side Bending

67
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of C4 control?

A

Scapular elevation

68
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of C5 control?

A

Shoulder ABD

69
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of C6 control?

A

Elbow flexion

70
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of c7 control?

A

Elbow extension

71
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of C8 control?

72
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of T1 control?

A

Finger ABD

73
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of L1-2 control?

A

Hip Flexion

74
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of L3-4 control?

75
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of L4-5 control?

A

Ankle Dorsiflexion

76
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of L5 control?

A

Great toe Ext

77
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of L5-S1 control?

A

Knee Flexion and ankle eversion

78
Q

What movement does the motor innervation of S1-2 control?

A

Ankle plantar flexion

79
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated by the inguinal area?

80
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated by the anterior mid-thigh?

81
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated by the medial knee?

82
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated by the medial malleolus?

83
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated by the distal medial dorsum of foot?

84
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated by the lateral border of the foot?

85
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervated by the Medial/posterior calcaneus?

Anatomy (19 decks)

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