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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Review: What are the three types of skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Smooth 2. Cardiac 3. Skeletal
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2
Q

What is the primary function of smooth muscle?

A

Move substances through by pulsations

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3
Q

Name a few characteristics of smooth muscle. [3]

A

unstriated, involuntary, visceral(makes up hollow organs)

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4
Q

What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?

A

Pump blood

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5
Q

What are a few characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

Pseudostriated, involuntary, visceral (makes up hollow organs)

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A

Striated, voluntary, somatic (located in body walls/limbs)

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7
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

A

Movement/Stabilization of bones and structures(eyeball)

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8
Q

What are the five characteristics that go into naming a muscle?

A
  1. shape 2. location 3. Fiber direction 4. Action 5. Attachment Sites
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9
Q

What are the seven shapes of muscles?

A
  1. Flat 2. Pennate 3. Fusiform 4. Convergent 5. Quadrate 6. Circular/Sphincteral 7. Multiheaded/Multibellied
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10
Q

What does a flat muscle indicate about its shape?

A

Muscles fibers are parallel to its tendons

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11
Q

What muscle shape is feather-like in arrangement of fascicles?

A

Pennate

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12
Q

What characteristic indicates the muscle fibers only on one side of the tendon?

A

unipennate

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13
Q

What characteristic indicates the muscle fibers are on two sides of the tendon?

A

Bipennate

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14
Q

What characteristic indicates the muscle fibers are on multiple sides of the tendon?

A

Multipennate

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15
Q

Name a unipennate muscle.

A

Extensor digitorum longus

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16
Q

Name a bipennate muscle.

A

rectus femoris

17
Q

Name a multipennate muscle.

A

Deltoid

18
Q

What does a fusiform shaped muscle indicate?

A

Spindle shaped w. round thick belly(s) and tapered ends

19
Q

Give an example of a fusiform muscle.

A

Biceps Brachii

20
Q

Give an example of a flat muscle.

A

External Oblique

21
Q

What muscle shape arises from a broad area and joins to form a single tendon?

A

Convergent

22
Q

Name a type of convergent muscle.

A

Pectoralis Major

23
Q

A Quadrate muscle indicates what about its shape?

A

Has 4 equal sides

24
Q

Name an example of a quadrate muscle.

A

Rectus Abdominus

25
Q

What type of muscle surrounds a body opening/orifice?

A

Circular/Sphincteral

26
Q

Name a type of circular/sphincteral muscle.

A

Orbicularis Occuli

27
Q

What type of muscle indicates it has more than one head/belly.

A

Multiheaded/Multibellied

28
Q

Name a type of multiheaded/multibellied muscle.

A

Triceps Brachii

29
Q

What is the functional unit of a muscle?

A

Motor Unit

30
Q

What two things make up the motor unit?

A

Motor Neuron and Muscle Fibers

31
Q

What are the two types of contraction?

A

Isotonic and Isometric

32
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

Muscle length remains unchanged but force is increased to maintain gravity/antagonistic force

33
Q

What is an isotonic contraction?

A

A muscle changes length in relationship to movement production

34
Q

What are the two movements that make up a isotonic movement?

A

Concentric and Eccentric

35
Q

What is a concentric movement?

A

Muscle shortens as it contracts

36
Q

What is an eccentric movement?

A

A muscle lengthens as it releases its contraction

37
Q

What is a synergist?

A

A muscle the complements the action of the prime mover.

38
Q

What are some variations that can occur with muscles?

A

Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Paralysis, Soreness, Pull, hyperplasia of Smooth Muscle, Hypertrophy of CM - MI

39
Q

What are three ways to test muscle strength?

A
  1. EMG 2. Pt resist clinician movement 3. Clinician resist pt movement

Anatomy (19 decks)

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