Simmons I Flashcards
3 ways of AA production?
Consumption
Catabolism
Biosynthesis
Uses of AA
Anabolism
Degradation: nitrogen/carb skeletos
Purines/pyrimines for DNA/RNA synthesis
Is arginine essential?
Body can make it but not in high enough volume
What AA are grains missing?
Lysise - often spraid on grains
What do beans lack?
Methionine
Amount of protein broken down daily?
200-300g
Name of cytosolic protein degradation system?
Ubiquitin proteasome system
Can you store protein?
No
How much AA is degraded daily by body?
55g, need to replaced in diet
When do you see positive nitrogen balance?
Body builder or growing child
When do you see negative nitrogen balance?
Starvation
What controls rate of protein degradation?
Glucocorticoids & cytokines
What is transamination?
Accumulation of amino groups into glutamate
What is required for transaminases to work and where is it derived from?
Pyridoxal phosphate - B6
What is measured in blood to indicated tissue damage?
Alanine and aspartate transaminase
Main enzyme in urea production?
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
What do glucogenic AAs do?
Produce pyruvate or CAC intermediate
What do ketogenic AAs do?
- make AcCoA or acetoacetyl CoA or acetoacetate
- Ultimately become ketone bodies
Only exclusive ketogenic AAs?
Leucine Lysine
