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Nutrition III Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of niacin deficiency?

A

The 4DS:

  1. Diarrhea
  2. Dermatosis - on exposed skin, but not on face
  3. Dimentia
  4. Death
  5. Pelegra
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2
Q

What is cassals necklace?

A

Dermatosis caused by niacin deficiency, will happen on exposed skin but not on face

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3
Q

What is B3?

A

Niacin

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4
Q

Another name for niacin?

A

B3

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5
Q

Function of B3?

A
  • Coenzyme for redox reactions and ATP Synthesis
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6
Q

What are the coenzymes that include riboflavin?

A

FAD

FMN

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7
Q

What enzyme requires one of the two riboflavin coenzymes?

A

Siccinate dehydrogenase

AcylCoA dedhydrogenase

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8
Q

Another name for riboflavin?

A

B2

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9
Q

What makes your urine bright yellow?

A

Riboflavin

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10
Q

What is niacin synthesized from?

A

Tryptaphan

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11
Q

Another name for niacin?

A

Nicotinic acid

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12
Q

What sort of diet is niacin deficiency seen in?

A

Corn based diet

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13
Q

What coenzymes include niacin?

A

NADP
NADPH
Used as coenzymes in redox reaction

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14
Q

What cannot work without niacin?

A

Dehydrogenases

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15
Q

Another name for vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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16
Q

What is vitamin C used for?

A

Coenzyme in redox reactions

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17
Q

What causes scurvey?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

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18
Q

Can humans synthesize vitamin C?

A

No

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19
Q

What are enzymes that use vitamin C involved in?

A
  • Post translational modification of collagen involved in making X link formation
  • Prolyne/lysine hydroxylases
20
Q

What does vitamin C deficiency cause?

A
  • Scurvy

- Symptoms will deal with collagen

21
Q

What vitamin does folic acid normally work with?

22
Q

What does B12 normally work with?

A

Folic acid

23
Q

Function of folic acid?

A
  • Coenzyme for 1 carbon transfer reactions
  • Usually in purine and pyrimidine synthesis and methyl transfer on RNA
  • Some anti proliferative drugs block this
  • Very important in DNA/RNA synthesis
24
Q

Another name for B12?

25
What is B12 coenzyem for?
- 1 carbon transfers - Methionine synthase - Methymalonile CoA mutase
26
What can decreased folic acid cause?
- Diminished DNA synthesis | - Megaloblastic anemia
27
What is megaloblastic anemia?
- Nucleated RBC with premature cell death - Ineffective hematopoesis resulting in premature cells death - Simalrar symptons to iron deficiency/anemia: fatigue - Bright red tongue
28
What causes megaloblastic anemai?
Folate deficiency
29
Symptoms of B12 deficiency?
Same as folate
30
What causes pernicions anemia?
Lack of IF for B12 absorption
31
What happens in hypocalcemia?
- PTH increases upregulating vitamin D - Enhances Ca renal & intestinal absorption - Increases bone resorption
32
Funtion of P?
- Component of bone - Component of phospholipid in cell membrane - Energy production and storage - Signalling
33
What is heme iron?
- Associated with hemoglobin only found in animal foods
34
What is non heme iron?
Found in both plants and animals
35
What must happen to oxidized (nonheme)iron for absorption?
- Must be reduced in gut membrane | - This is why plant iron absorption is low
36
What is ferretin?
Iron storage protein | Will see down regulation in deficiency as iron needs to be released
37
What is transferrin?
Plasma transporter of iron that will be upregulated in deficiency
38
Do humans exrete iron?
- No, some is secreted in sweat and skin sloughing | - In men deficiency is usually linked to GI bleeding
39
How does iron deficiency present?
- Fatigue and lower energy - Pallor - Anemia - Weak immune system - Cognitive dysfunction
40
What is total iron binding capacity?
- Capacity of transferring to bind iron | - Measure increase in deficiency
41
Function of zinc?
- Zinc fingers help in protein folding | - Helps in cell membrane structure
42
What does decreased zinc cause?
Increased vulnerability to oxidation
43
Signs of zinc deficiency?
- Growth retardation - Alopecia - Immune defiency - Impaired wound healing - Delayed sexual maturation - Hypo gonadism/spermia
44
What does food content of iodine depend on?
Soil content, high altitudes have low
45
Signs of low iodine?
Goiter & hyothyroidism
46
Signs of hypothyroidism?
- Lethargy - Sleepiness - Cold interolerance - Weight gain

Metabolism (17 decks)

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