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Metabolism > Nutrition III > Flashcards

Nutrition III Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of niacin deficiency?

A

The 4DS:

  1. Diarrhea
  2. Dermatosis - on exposed skin, but not on face
  3. Dimentia
  4. Death
  5. Pelegra
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2
Q

What is cassals necklace?

A

Dermatosis caused by niacin deficiency, will happen on exposed skin but not on face

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3
Q

What is B3?

A

Niacin

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4
Q

Another name for niacin?

A

B3

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5
Q

Function of B3?

A
  • Coenzyme for redox reactions and ATP Synthesis
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6
Q

What are the coenzymes that include riboflavin?

A

FAD

FMN

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7
Q

What enzyme requires one of the two riboflavin coenzymes?

A

Siccinate dehydrogenase

AcylCoA dedhydrogenase

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8
Q

Another name for riboflavin?

A

B2

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9
Q

What makes your urine bright yellow?

A

Riboflavin

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10
Q

What is niacin synthesized from?

A

Tryptaphan

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11
Q

Another name for niacin?

A

Nicotinic acid

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12
Q

What sort of diet is niacin deficiency seen in?

A

Corn based diet

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13
Q

What coenzymes include niacin?

A

NADP
NADPH
Used as coenzymes in redox reaction

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14
Q

What cannot work without niacin?

A

Dehydrogenases

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15
Q

Another name for vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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16
Q

What is vitamin C used for?

A

Coenzyme in redox reactions

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17
Q

What causes scurvey?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

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18
Q

Can humans synthesize vitamin C?

A

No

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19
Q

What are enzymes that use vitamin C involved in?

A
  • Post translational modification of collagen involved in making X link formation
  • Prolyne/lysine hydroxylases
20
Q

What does vitamin C deficiency cause?

A
  • Scurvy

- Symptoms will deal with collagen

21
Q

What vitamin does folic acid normally work with?

A

B12

22
Q

What does B12 normally work with?

A

Folic acid

23
Q

Function of folic acid?

A
  • Coenzyme for 1 carbon transfer reactions
  • Usually in purine and pyrimidine synthesis and methyl transfer on RNA
  • Some anti proliferative drugs block this
  • Very important in DNA/RNA synthesis
24
Q

Another name for B12?

A

Cobalamin

25
Q

What is B12 coenzyem for?

A
  • 1 carbon transfers
  • Methionine synthase
  • Methymalonile CoA mutase
26
Q

What can decreased folic acid cause?

A
  • Diminished DNA synthesis

- Megaloblastic anemia

27
Q

What is megaloblastic anemia?

A
  • Nucleated RBC with premature cell death
  • Ineffective hematopoesis resulting in premature cells death
  • Simalrar symptons to iron deficiency/anemia: fatigue
  • Bright red tongue
28
Q

What causes megaloblastic anemai?

A

Folate deficiency

29
Q

Symptoms of B12 deficiency?

A

Same as folate

30
Q

What causes pernicions anemia?

A

Lack of IF for B12 absorption

31
Q

What happens in hypocalcemia?

A
  • PTH increases upregulating vitamin D
  • Enhances Ca renal & intestinal absorption
  • Increases bone resorption
32
Q

Funtion of P?

A
  • Component of bone
  • Component of phospholipid in cell membrane
  • Energy production and storage
  • Signalling
33
Q

What is heme iron?

A
  • Associated with hemoglobin only found in animal foods
34
Q

What is non heme iron?

A

Found in both plants and animals

35
Q

What must happen to oxidized (nonheme)iron for absorption?

A
  • Must be reduced in gut membrane

- This is why plant iron absorption is low

36
Q

What is ferretin?

A

Iron storage protein

Will see down regulation in deficiency as iron needs to be released

37
Q

What is transferrin?

A

Plasma transporter of iron that will be upregulated in deficiency

38
Q

Do humans exrete iron?

A
  • No, some is secreted in sweat and skin sloughing

- In men deficiency is usually linked to GI bleeding

39
Q

How does iron deficiency present?

A
  • Fatigue and lower energy
  • Pallor
  • Anemia
  • Weak immune system
  • Cognitive dysfunction
40
Q

What is total iron binding capacity?

A
  • Capacity of transferring to bind iron

- Measure increase in deficiency

41
Q

Function of zinc?

A
  • Zinc fingers help in protein folding

- Helps in cell membrane structure

42
Q

What does decreased zinc cause?

A

Increased vulnerability to oxidation

43
Q

Signs of zinc deficiency?

A
  • Growth retardation
  • Alopecia
  • Immune defiency
  • Impaired wound healing
  • Delayed sexual maturation
  • Hypo gonadism/spermia
44
Q

What does food content of iodine depend on?

A

Soil content, high altitudes have low

45
Q

Signs of low iodine?

A

Goiter & hyothyroidism

46
Q

Signs of hypothyroidism?

A
  • Lethargy
  • Sleepiness
  • Cold interolerance
  • Weight gain

Metabolism (17 decks)

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