Review: GI

Question 1

When do we see MMC?

Answer 1

• In between meals when you are hungry, not during digestion
• Regulated by motilin
• Clears out GI

Question 2

What is mass movement and what does it do?

Answer 2

• Colon moving feces

Question 3

What does progesterone do?

Answer 3

• Causes relaxation of LES allowing for GERD

- GERD is prevalent in pregnancy

Question 4

What is barrets esohpagus?

Answer 4

Change of squamous to intestinal goblet cells

Question 5

What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 5

HCL/ IF

Question 6

Where are parietal cells found?

Answer 6

Stomach

Question 7

What do peptic/chief cells secreted?

Answer 7

Pepsin

Question 8

Where are chief cells found?

Answer 8

Stomach

Question 9

What to ECL cells secrete?

Answer 9

Histamine

Question 10

Where are ECL cells found?

Answer 10

Stomach

Question 11

What do D cells secrete?

Answer 11

Somatostatin

Question 12

Where are D cells found?

Answer 12

Stomach

Question 13

What secretes somatosatin?

Answer 13

D Cells

Question 14

What does somatostatin do?

Answer 14

Inhibits HCL secretion

Question 15

How does somatostatin signal?

Answer 15

Endocrine

Question 16

Most powerful HCL secretagoge?

Answer 16

HCL

Question 17

What does gastrin do?

Answer 17

Causes HCL secretion

Question 18

How does gastrin signal?

Answer 18

Endocrine

Question 19

Name cells of stomach?

Answer 19

1. Parietal
2. D cells
3. ECL
4. Peptic/chief
5. Mucous neck
6. G Cells

Question 20

Where are kupfer cells found?

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Where are goblet cells found?

Answer 21

Intestinal, mainly LI

Question 22

Where are cholangiocytes found?

Answer 22

Lining bile duct

Question 23

What does omeprazole block?

Answer 23

H/K Luminal pump

Question 24

What does omeprazole do?

Answer 24

• H pump blocker

- Used to treat ulcers

Question 25

Where is alkaline tide found?

Answer 25

GI

Question 26

Net movement in gut?

Answer 26

Secretion: HCL Absorption: Bicarb

Question 27

Where does Atpropine work?

Answer 27

Blocks vagal ACH stimulation of M3 receptors

Question 28

Where does cimetidine work?

Answer 28

Blocks histamine action on Hs receptors

Question 29

Gastrin receptor?

Answer 29

CCKB

Question 30

Direct somatostatin function?

Answer 30

Blocking histamine action on parietal cell

Question 31

Indirect somatostatin function?

Answer 31

Blocking histamine and gastrin release

Question 32

What do prostaglandins do?

Answer 32

Inhibit effect of histamine

Question 33

Why do people on proton pump inhibitors have high gastrin levels?

Answer 33

- Somatonstatin usually blocks gastrin - Somatostatin release caused by low PH - If no H pump, no somato stimulation, no gastrin inhibition - Serum levels of gastrin go up

Question 34

Most important event that stops gastric emptying?

Answer 34

- Presence of fat in Duodenum - Mediated by CCK release - H concentration also plays roll but not as large

Question 35

How is secretin regulated?

Answer 35

- Low PH stimulates release - High PH inhibits - Aqueous and bicarb will be secreted from ductal cells

Question 36

What channel does secretin act through?

Answer 36

CFTR

Question 37

What does NBC1 do?

Answer 37

Brings in bicarb from pancreatic lumen

Question 38

How does CFTR channel help with bicarb secretion?

Answer 38

- Release Cl to lumen | - CL is then antiported back to cell as bicarb moves out

Question 39

Where is CCK released from?

Answer 39

I cells after FA or AA interaction

Question 40

Modulation of CCK?

Answer 40

- Monitor peptide from pancreatic cells cause release - FA, AA binding to paracrine cells causes CCKRP - Direct binding of FA/AA to I cell

Question 41

ASBT?

Answer 41

Bile resorber in terminal illeum

Question 42

What does colon do to bile?

Answer 42

Deconjugates and absorbs

Question 43

What does jejenum absorb Na with?

Answer 43

Bicarb

Question 44

What does ileum absorb Na with?

Answer 44

Cl

Question 45

Activation of vitamin D?

Answer 45

In kidney with help of PTH

Question 46

What does PTH deficiency cause?

Answer 46

Decrease in Ca absorption

Question 47

How is Na transported in colon?

Answer 47

eNaC

Question 48

What can cause problem with eNaC?

Answer 48

Bowel inflamation

Question 49

Where is 50% of ammonia in body generated?

Answer 49

Colonic bacteria with urease

Question 50

What are gallstones made of?

Answer 50

- Pigment | - Cholesterol

Question 51

Where is gallstone most detrimental?

Answer 51

sphinter of oddi as blocks pancreatic and bile flow

Question 52

What is chonalgitis?

Answer 52

Infection in cholangiocytes of bile duct caused by gall stone

Question 53

Main manner of billirubin excretion?

Answer 53

Bile

Question 54

How is bilirubin absorbed?

Answer 54

OATP transporter on hepatocyte

Question 55

Main cause of hyperbilirubinemia?

Answer 55

Hepatic bile duct obstruction

Question 56

Enzyme that conjugates bilirubin?

Answer 56

- UDP glucouronly transferase | - Babies dont have so get jaundice