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Metabolism > Review: GI > Flashcards

Review: GI Flashcards

1
Q

When do we see MMC?

A
  • In between meals when you are hungry, not during digestion
  • Regulated by motilin
  • Clears out GI
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2
Q

What is mass movement and what does it do?

A
  • Colon moving feces
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3
Q

What does progesterone do?

A
  • Causes relaxation of LES allowing for GERD

- GERD is prevalent in pregnancy

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4
Q

What is barrets esohpagus?

A

Change of squamous to intestinal goblet cells

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5
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCL/ IF

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6
Q

Where are parietal cells found?

A

Stomach

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7
Q

What do peptic/chief cells secreted?

A

Pepsin

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8
Q

Where are chief cells found?

A

Stomach

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9
Q

What to ECL cells secrete?

A

Histamine

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10
Q

Where are ECL cells found?

A

Stomach

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11
Q

What do D cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

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12
Q

Where are D cells found?

A

Stomach

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13
Q

What secretes somatosatin?

A

D Cells

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14
Q

What does somatostatin do?

A

Inhibits HCL secretion

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15
Q

How does somatostatin signal?

A

Endocrine

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16
Q

Most powerful HCL secretagoge?

A

HCL

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17
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Causes HCL secretion

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18
Q

How does gastrin signal?

A

Endocrine

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19
Q

Name cells of stomach?

A
  1. Parietal
  2. D cells
  3. ECL
  4. Peptic/chief
  5. Mucous neck
  6. G Cells
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20
Q

Where are kupfer cells found?

A

Liver

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21
Q

Where are goblet cells found?

A

Intestinal, mainly LI

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22
Q

Where are cholangiocytes found?

A

Lining bile duct

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23
Q

What does omeprazole block?

A

H/K Luminal pump

24
Q

What does omeprazole do?

A
  • H pump blocker

- Used to treat ulcers

25
Q

Where is alkaline tide found?

A

GI

26
Q

Net movement in gut?

A

Secretion: HCL
Absorption: Bicarb

27
Q

Where does Atpropine work?

A

Blocks vagal ACH stimulation of M3 receptors

28
Q

Where does cimetidine work?

A

Blocks histamine action on Hs receptors

29
Q

Gastrin receptor?

A

CCKB

30
Q

Direct somatostatin function?

A

Blocking histamine action on parietal cell

31
Q

Indirect somatostatin function?

A

Blocking histamine and gastrin release

32
Q

What do prostaglandins do?

A

Inhibit effect of histamine

33
Q

Why do people on proton pump inhibitors have high gastrin levels?

A
  • Somatonstatin usually blocks gastrin
  • Somatostatin release caused by low PH
  • If no H pump, no somato stimulation, no gastrin inhibition
  • Serum levels of gastrin go up
34
Q

Most important event that stops gastric emptying?

A
  • Presence of fat in Duodenum
  • Mediated by CCK release
  • H concentration also plays roll but not as large
35
Q

How is secretin regulated?

A
  • Low PH stimulates release
  • High PH inhibits
  • Aqueous and bicarb will be secreted from ductal cells
36
Q

What channel does secretin act through?

A

CFTR

37
Q

What does NBC1 do?

A

Brings in bicarb from pancreatic lumen

38
Q

How does CFTR channel help with bicarb secretion?

A
  • Release Cl to lumen

- CL is then antiported back to cell as bicarb moves out

39
Q

Where is CCK released from?

A

I cells after FA or AA interaction

40
Q

Modulation of CCK?

A
  • Monitor peptide from pancreatic cells cause release
  • FA, AA binding to paracrine cells causes CCKRP
  • Direct binding of FA/AA to I cell
41
Q

ASBT?

A

Bile resorber in terminal illeum

42
Q

What does colon do to bile?

A

Deconjugates and absorbs

43
Q

What does jejenum absorb Na with?

A

Bicarb

44
Q

What does ileum absorb Na with?

A

Cl

45
Q

Activation of vitamin D?

A

In kidney with help of PTH

46
Q

What does PTH deficiency cause?

A

Decrease in Ca absorption

47
Q

How is Na transported in colon?

A

eNaC

48
Q

What can cause problem with eNaC?

A

Bowel inflamation

49
Q

Where is 50% of ammonia in body generated?

A

Colonic bacteria with urease

50
Q

What are gallstones made of?

A
  • Pigment

- Cholesterol

51
Q

Where is gallstone most detrimental?

A

sphinter of oddi as blocks pancreatic and bile flow

52
Q

What is chonalgitis?

A

Infection in cholangiocytes of bile duct caused by gall stone

53
Q

Main manner of billirubin excretion?

A

Bile

54
Q

How is bilirubin absorbed?

A

OATP transporter on hepatocyte

55
Q

Main cause of hyperbilirubinemia?

A

Hepatic bile duct obstruction

56
Q

Enzyme that conjugates bilirubin?

A
  • UDP glucouronly transferase

- Babies dont have so get jaundice

Metabolism (17 decks)

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