Signs and Symptoms Flashcards
S/S of Hypervolemia
- distended veins
- peripheral edema, third spacing
- CVP increased.
- Wet lung sounds
- Polyuria
- increased pulse
- pulmonary edema r/t fluid back up
- Increased BP
- Increase weight
S/S of Hypovolemia
- Weight decrease
- Decreased skin turgor
- Dry mucous membrane
- Decreased urine output
- Low BP
- Increased pulse
- Increased respirations
- Decreased CVP
- Vasoconstriction of peripheral veins/neck veins
- Cool extremitities
- Urine specific gravity will go up.
S/S of Hypermagnesemia
Flushing
Warmth
Mg makes you vasodilate
DTR's decrease Muscle Tone weak Arrhythmias yes LOC decrease Pulse decrease Respiration decrease
S/s of Hypercalcemia
Bones are brittle Kidney stones (majority made from calcium)
DTR's decrease Muscle Tone weak Arrhythmias yes LOC decrease Pulse decrease Respiration decrease
S/S of Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia
Muscle Tone is rigid and tight Possible Seizures Stridor/Laryngospasms becasue airway is smooth muscle \+chvostek's (C for cheek, tap cheek) \+Trousseau's- pump up BP cuff Arrhythmias DTR's increase Mind changes swallowing problems
S/S of Hypernatremia
Dry mouth
thirsty all the time
swollen tongue
S/S hyponatremia
Headache
Seizure
Coma
S/S of hyperkalemia
Muscle twitching
Muscle weakness
Flaccid Paralysis
Life threatening Arrhythmias
S/S of hypokalemia
Muscle cramps
Weakness
S/S of Respiratory Acidosis
Headache, confusion, sleepy
Coma
Restlessness + Tachycardia–> Hypoxic
S/S of Respiratory Alkalosis
Lightheaded
Faint
Peri-oral numbness
numbness and tingling in fingers and toes
S/S of Metabolic Acidosis
Depends on cause
Hyperkalemia - muscle twitching, weakness, paralysis, arrhytmias
Increased repspiratory rate
S/S of Metabolic Alkalosis
Depends on cause
Observe LOC
Serum K will go up in metabolic acidosis and go down in metabolic alkolosis
monitor for muscle cramps and arrhythmias
S/S of Cancer
C - change in bowel or bladder habits A - A sore that doesn't heal U- Unusual bleeding/ discharge T- Thickening lump in breast/ elsewhere I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing O- Obvious change in wart or mole N- Nagging cough or hoarseness
Anemia and thrombocytopenia- once invaded bone marrow
Cachexia- extreme wasting and malnutrition
S/S of extravasation
Pain
Swelling
No blood return
Asymptomatic in pre-invasive cancer Invasive Cancer: -Painless vaginal bleeding -watery, blood tinged vaginal discharge -pelvic pain -leg pain along with sciatic nerve -flank pain 100% Cure if detected early
S/S of cervical cancer
Post menopausal bleeding
watery/bloody vaginal discharge
low back/abd pain
pelvic pain
S/S of uterine cancer (Endometrial)
Change in appearance of breast (orange peel appearance, dimpling, retraction, discharge from breast)
lump
Tail of spence where 48% of tumors located
S/S of breast cancer
Hemoptysis Dyspnea Hoarseness cough change in endurance chest pain pleuritic pain on inspiration displaced trachea May metastasize to bone
S/S of lung cancer
Hoarseness lump in neck sore throat cough breathing problems earache weight loss no early signs
S/S of Laryngeal cancer
- Change in bowel habits, constipation, diarrhea or narrowing stool
- blood in stool, cramping abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue, anemia, abdominal fullness, unexplained weight loss,
- may become obstructed
S/S of colorectal Cancer
Major symptom: Painless intermittent gross/microscopic hematuria
S/S of bladder cancer
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Hesitancy, frequency, infections, nocturia, urgency, driblling,
painless hematuria
S/S of prostate cancer
Heart burn and abdominal discomfort loss of appetite weight loss bloody stool coffee-ground vomit jaundice epigastric and back pain feeling full anemia stool + for occult achlorhydria *no HCL in stomach obstruction
S/S of Stomach Cancer
Abdominal distention
N/V
Pain
S/S of obstruction
A person comes in with weight loss, nervous, sweaty/hot, they have decreased attention spam, increased appetite, irritable, have a fast GI, increased BP, and increased thyroid and exophthalamos, what are these symptoms related to
Hyperthyroidism/ grave’s disease
A person is fatigue, no energy, has a slow GI, has weight gain, they are always cold, have a slowed and slurred speech and no expression. When its present at birth it is called cretinism what does the person have
Hypothyroidism (Myxedema)
When you have too much PTH, increased calcium levels, low phosphorous levels and they patient is sedated?
They have hyperparathyroidism=Hypercalcemia=Hypophosphatemia
When you do not have enough PTH, low calcium level and a high phosphorus level and the client is not sedated
They have hypoparathyroidism=hypocalcemia=hyperphosphatemia
Pheochyromocytoma is a complication related to adrenal medulla, what are the symptoms this causes?
When a patient’s BP is increased, they have an increased pulse and HR and they are flushed/diaphoretic what could they possibly be experiencing
What are these symptoms related to?
Initially s/s related to hyperkalemia- muscle twitching, muscle weakness then flaccid paralysis
Then you could have…
- anorexia/nausea
- hyperpigmentation
- decreased bowel sounds
- GI upset
- White patchy area of depigmented skin
- hypotention
- decreased Na, increased K, and hypoglycemia
Addisson’s disease is a complication related to the adrenal cortex
What is related to addisonian crisis
Severe hypotention and vascular collapse
Name some symptoms related to increased glucocorticoids
- growth arrest
- thin extremitites
- increased risk for infection
- hyperglycemia
- psychosis to depression
- moon face
- truncal obesity
- buffalo hump
What are some of the symptoms related to increased sex hormones
- Oily skin/acne
- women with male traits
- poor sex drive (libido)
What are some of the symptoms related to increased mineralcorticoids
- High BP
- CHF
- Weight gain
- Fluid volume excess
What would happen to the potassium level with too much mineralcorticoid
it would be low
What would the cortisol level be for a person in cushing’s disease
The cortisol level would be high
What are the S/S of someone with diabetes
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
What are the S/S of hypoglycemia
Diaphoretic cold/clammy skin confusion shaky increased pulse nausea headache
Insulin resistance Abdominal obesity increased triglycerides decreased HDL Increased BP and CAD These are features of what?
Features of Metabolic syndrome
When someone has Pain described as crushing and pressure radiating to left arm and jaw, n/v, pain to shoulders.
Presented differently in men and women.
#1 sign is behavioral changes in elderly
BP drops, ECG changes
Acute coronary syndrome: MI, chronic unstable angina
Which do we worry about STEMI or NSTEMI
STEMI- this indicates client is having a heart attack and we need them to go to the cath lab for PCI in less than 90 mins
What are the S/S of Left sided Heart Failure
Pulmonary Congestion Dyspnea Cough Blood tinged frothy sputum Restlessness Tachycardia S-3 Orthopnea Noctural dyspnea
What are the S/S of Right sided Heart Failure
Distended neck Edema Enlarged organs Weight gain Ascites
What are the S/S of malfunction Pacemaker
No contractions following stimulus
Watch for decreased CO or decreased rate
Someone who has -Sudden onset -breathless -restless/anxious -Severe Hypoxia -Productive Cough (pink frothy sputum) Think
S/S of pulmonary edema
Increased CVP Decreased CO Decreased BP Heart sounds muffled or distant distended neck veins pressure in all 4 chambers Shock narrowed pulse pressure
S/S of cardiac tamponade
what are some s/s of someone with arterial disorders
- intermittent claudication
- decreased or absent pulse
- pale color
- cool temp
- shiny skin
- toes may have ulceraton
- gangrene can exist
- pain at rest is a severe obstruction
S/s of chronic vein insufficiency
Edema
brown pigments
ulceration on side of ankles
If someone has a: -Sore throat -malaise and headache -Bun and Creatinine are up -They have sediments, blood and protein in urine -they have flank pain (costovertebral angle tenderness) -high BP -Facial Edema -decreased urine output -increase urine specific gravity and the patient has fve
They have glomerulonephritis
When a person has
- proteinuria
- hypoalbuminemia
- edema
- hyperlipidemia
They have nephrotic syndrome
When a person has
- Increased Bun and creatinine
- specific gravity initially is up and then it is fixed
- anemic
- can have htn and hf
- anorexia, n/v
- has itching frost (uremic frost)
- Electrolyte imbalance -hyperkalemia
Renal failure
When someone has Pain (n/v) WBC in urine Hematuria What could it be
Kidney stone
When someone has pain when eating, has abdominal distention, rigid board-like abdomen, fever, n/v, is jaundice and has hypotention…
what could they possibly be experiencing
Pancreatitis
When someone has abdominal pain, chronic dyspepsia, change in bowel habits, ascites, splenomegaly, decreased albumin, increased ast and alt, is anemic..what could this be s/s of?
Cirrhosis of liver
When someone has minor mental challenges/motor problems, is difficult to wake has asterixis, their hand writing changes, EEG slows and has Fetor..what does this person have
Hepatic Coma
An alcoholic client and GI bleeding is usually what?
Esophogeal Varices
When someone has burning pain and is usually in the mid-epigastric region as well as heart burn what could they have..
Peptic ulcer
When someone has heart burn and feel full after eating what could they have..
hiatal hernia
when someone feels full, weak, palpitations, cramps, faintness, and diarrhea, what do they have..
dumping syndrome
When someone has diarrhea, has rectal bleeding, weight loss, vomits, cramps, has low bp, anemic and has a high temp..s/s of what
ulcerative colitis and crohns
When you push in and let go and it hurts what does this mean?
Rebound tenderness and peritoneal inflammation
When someone has generalized pain and then localized to right lower quad (Mc Burney’s pain)
They also have rebound tenderness, n/v, and anorexia.. what do they have?
Appendicitis
