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NCLEX > Signs and Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs and Symptoms Flashcards

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1
Q

S/S of Hypervolemia

A
  1. distended veins
  2. peripheral edema, third spacing
  3. CVP increased.
  4. Wet lung sounds
  5. Polyuria
  6. increased pulse
  7. pulmonary edema r/t fluid back up
  8. Increased BP
  9. Increase weight
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2
Q

S/S of Hypovolemia

A
  1. Weight decrease
  2. Decreased skin turgor
  3. Dry mucous membrane
  4. Decreased urine output
  5. Low BP
  6. Increased pulse
  7. Increased respirations
  8. Decreased CVP
  9. Vasoconstriction of peripheral veins/neck veins
  10. Cool extremitities
  11. Urine specific gravity will go up.
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3
Q

S/S of Hypermagnesemia

A

Flushing
Warmth
Mg makes you vasodilate

DTR's decrease
Muscle Tone weak
Arrhythmias yes
LOC decrease
Pulse decrease
Respiration decrease
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4
Q

S/s of Hypercalcemia

A 
Bones are brittle
Kidney stones (majority made from calcium)
DTR's decrease
Muscle Tone weak
Arrhythmias yes
LOC decrease
Pulse decrease
Respiration decrease
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5
Q

S/S of Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia

A 
Muscle Tone is rigid and tight
Possible Seizures
Stridor/Laryngospasms becasue airway is smooth muscle
\+chvostek's (C for cheek, tap cheek)
\+Trousseau's- pump up BP cuff
Arrhythmias
DTR's increase
Mind changes
swallowing problems
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6
Q

S/S of Hypernatremia

A

Dry mouth
thirsty all the time
swollen tongue

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7
Q

S/S hyponatremia

A

Headache
Seizure
Coma

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8
Q

S/S of hyperkalemia

A

Muscle twitching
Muscle weakness
Flaccid Paralysis
Life threatening Arrhythmias

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9
Q

S/S of hypokalemia

A

Muscle cramps

Weakness

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10
Q

S/S of Respiratory Acidosis

A

Headache, confusion, sleepy
Coma
Restlessness + Tachycardia–> Hypoxic

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11
Q

S/S of Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Lightheaded
Faint
Peri-oral numbness
numbness and tingling in fingers and toes

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12
Q

S/S of Metabolic Acidosis

A

Depends on cause
Hyperkalemia - muscle twitching, weakness, paralysis, arrhytmias
Increased repspiratory rate

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13
Q

S/S of Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Depends on cause
Observe LOC
Serum K will go up in metabolic acidosis and go down in metabolic alkolosis
monitor for muscle cramps and arrhythmias

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14
Q

S/S of Cancer

A 
C - change in bowel or bladder habits
A - A sore that doesn't heal
U- Unusual bleeding/ discharge
T-  Thickening lump in breast/ elsewhere
I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O- Obvious change in wart or mole
N- Nagging cough or hoarseness

Anemia and thrombocytopenia- once invaded bone marrow

Cachexia- extreme wasting and malnutrition

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15
Q

S/S of extravasation

A

Pain
Swelling
No blood return

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16
Q 
Asymptomatic in pre-invasive cancer
Invasive Cancer:
-Painless vaginal bleeding
-watery, blood tinged vaginal discharge
-pelvic pain
-leg pain along with sciatic nerve
-flank pain
100% Cure if detected early
A

S/S of cervical cancer

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17
Q

Post menopausal bleeding
watery/bloody vaginal discharge
low back/abd pain
pelvic pain

A

S/S of uterine cancer (Endometrial)

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18
Q

Change in appearance of breast (orange peel appearance, dimpling, retraction, discharge from breast)
lump
Tail of spence where 48% of tumors located

A

S/S of breast cancer

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19
Q 
Hemoptysis
Dyspnea
Hoarseness
cough
change in endurance
chest pain
pleuritic pain on inspiration
displaced trachea
May metastasize to bone
A

S/S of lung cancer

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20
Q 
Hoarseness
lump in neck
sore throat
cough
breathing problems
earache
weight loss
no early signs
A

S/S of Laryngeal cancer

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21
Q
  • Change in bowel habits, constipation, diarrhea or narrowing stool
  • blood in stool, cramping abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue, anemia, abdominal fullness, unexplained weight loss,
  • may become obstructed
A

S/S of colorectal Cancer

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22
Q

Major symptom: Painless intermittent gross/microscopic hematuria

A

S/S of bladder cancer

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23
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Hesitancy, frequency, infections, nocturia, urgency, driblling,
painless hematuria

A

S/S of prostate cancer

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24
Q 
Heart burn and abdominal discomfort
loss of appetite
weight loss 
bloody stool 
coffee-ground vomit
jaundice
epigastric and back pain
feeling full
anemia
stool + for occult
achlorhydria *no HCL in stomach
obstruction
A

S/S of Stomach Cancer

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25
Q

Abdominal distention
N/V
Pain

A

S/S of obstruction

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26
Q

A person comes in with weight loss, nervous, sweaty/hot, they have decreased attention spam, increased appetite, irritable, have a fast GI, increased BP, and increased thyroid and exophthalamos, what are these symptoms related to

A

Hyperthyroidism/ grave’s disease

27
Q

A person is fatigue, no energy, has a slow GI, has weight gain, they are always cold, have a slowed and slurred speech and no expression. When its present at birth it is called cretinism what does the person have

A

Hypothyroidism (Myxedema)

28
Q

When you have too much PTH, increased calcium levels, low phosphorous levels and they patient is sedated?

A

They have hyperparathyroidism=Hypercalcemia=Hypophosphatemia

29
Q

When you do not have enough PTH, low calcium level and a high phosphorus level and the client is not sedated

A

They have hypoparathyroidism=hypocalcemia=hyperphosphatemia

30
Q

Pheochyromocytoma is a complication related to adrenal medulla, what are the symptoms this causes?

A

When a patient’s BP is increased, they have an increased pulse and HR and they are flushed/diaphoretic what could they possibly be experiencing

31
Q

What are these symptoms related to?
Initially s/s related to hyperkalemia- muscle twitching, muscle weakness then flaccid paralysis

Then you could have…

  • anorexia/nausea
  • hyperpigmentation
  • decreased bowel sounds
  • GI upset
  • White patchy area of depigmented skin
  • hypotention
  • decreased Na, increased K, and hypoglycemia
A

Addisson’s disease is a complication related to the adrenal cortex

32
Q

What is related to addisonian crisis

A

Severe hypotention and vascular collapse

33
Q

Name some symptoms related to increased glucocorticoids

A
  • growth arrest
  • thin extremitites
  • increased risk for infection
  • hyperglycemia
  • psychosis to depression
  • moon face
  • truncal obesity
  • buffalo hump
34
Q

What are some of the symptoms related to increased sex hormones

A
  • Oily skin/acne
  • women with male traits
  • poor sex drive (libido)
35
Q

What are some of the symptoms related to increased mineralcorticoids

A
  • High BP
  • CHF
  • Weight gain
  • Fluid volume excess
36
Q

What would happen to the potassium level with too much mineralcorticoid

A

it would be low

37
Q

What would the cortisol level be for a person in cushing’s disease

A

The cortisol level would be high

38
Q

What are the S/S of someone with diabetes

A

Polyuria
Polyphagia
Polydipsia

39
Q

What are the S/S of hypoglycemia

A 
Diaphoretic
cold/clammy skin
confusion
shaky
increased pulse
nausea
headache
40
Q 
Insulin resistance
Abdominal obesity
increased triglycerides
decreased HDL
Increased BP
and CAD 
These are features of what?
A

Features of Metabolic syndrome

41
Q

When someone has Pain described as crushing and pressure radiating to left arm and jaw, n/v, pain to shoulders.
Presented differently in men and women.
#1 sign is behavioral changes in elderly
BP drops, ECG changes

A

Acute coronary syndrome: MI, chronic unstable angina

42
Q

Which do we worry about STEMI or NSTEMI

A

STEMI- this indicates client is having a heart attack and we need them to go to the cath lab for PCI in less than 90 mins

43
Q

What are the S/S of Left sided Heart Failure

A 
Pulmonary Congestion
Dyspnea
Cough
Blood tinged frothy sputum
Restlessness
Tachycardia
S-3
Orthopnea
Noctural dyspnea
44
Q

What are the S/S of Right sided Heart Failure

A 
Distended neck
Edema
Enlarged organs
Weight gain
Ascites
45
Q

What are the S/S of malfunction Pacemaker

A

No contractions following stimulus

Watch for decreased CO or decreased rate

46
Q 
Someone who has
-Sudden onset
-breathless
-restless/anxious
-Severe Hypoxia
-Productive Cough (pink frothy sputum) 
Think
A

S/S of pulmonary edema

47
Q 
Increased CVP
Decreased CO
Decreased BP
Heart sounds muffled or distant
distended neck veins
pressure in all 4 chambers
Shock
narrowed pulse pressure
A

S/S of cardiac tamponade

48
Q

what are some s/s of someone with arterial disorders

A
  • intermittent claudication
  • decreased or absent pulse
  • pale color
  • cool temp
  • shiny skin
  • toes may have ulceraton
  • gangrene can exist
  • pain at rest is a severe obstruction
49
Q

S/s of chronic vein insufficiency

A

Edema
brown pigments
ulceration on side of ankles

50
Q 
If someone has a:
-Sore throat
-malaise and headache
-Bun and Creatinine are up
-They have sediments, blood and protein in urine
-they have flank pain (costovertebral angle tenderness)
-high BP
-Facial Edema
-decreased urine output
-increase urine specific gravity
and the patient has fve
A

They have glomerulonephritis

51
Q

When a person has

  • proteinuria
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • edema
  • hyperlipidemia
A

They have nephrotic syndrome

52
Q

When a person has

  • Increased Bun and creatinine
  • specific gravity initially is up and then it is fixed
  • anemic
  • can have htn and hf
  • anorexia, n/v
  • has itching frost (uremic frost)
  • Electrolyte imbalance -hyperkalemia
A

Renal failure

53
Q 
When someone has 
Pain (n/v)
WBC in urine
Hematuria
What could it be
A

Kidney stone

54
Q

When someone has pain when eating, has abdominal distention, rigid board-like abdomen, fever, n/v, is jaundice and has hypotention…
what could they possibly be experiencing

A

Pancreatitis

55
Q

When someone has abdominal pain, chronic dyspepsia, change in bowel habits, ascites, splenomegaly, decreased albumin, increased ast and alt, is anemic..what could this be s/s of?

A

Cirrhosis of liver

56
Q

When someone has minor mental challenges/motor problems, is difficult to wake has asterixis, their hand writing changes, EEG slows and has Fetor..what does this person have

A

Hepatic Coma

57
Q

An alcoholic client and GI bleeding is usually what?

A

Esophogeal Varices

58
Q

When someone has burning pain and is usually in the mid-epigastric region as well as heart burn what could they have..

A

Peptic ulcer

59
Q

When someone has heart burn and feel full after eating what could they have..

A

hiatal hernia

60
Q

when someone feels full, weak, palpitations, cramps, faintness, and diarrhea, what do they have..

A

dumping syndrome

61
Q

When someone has diarrhea, has rectal bleeding, weight loss, vomits, cramps, has low bp, anemic and has a high temp..s/s of what

A

ulcerative colitis and crohns

62
Q

When you push in and let go and it hurts what does this mean?

A

Rebound tenderness and peritoneal inflammation

63
Q

When someone has generalized pain and then localized to right lower quad (Mc Burney’s pain)
They also have rebound tenderness, n/v, and anorexia.. what do they have?

A

Appendicitis

NCLEX (21 decks)

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