Endocrine Flashcards
What three hormones does the thyroid gland produce
T3
T4
Calcitonin
What is the function of calcitonin
Calcitonin decreases Serum Ca+ in the blood by transporting it back into the bones
What do you need to make the hormones produced in the thyroid
Iodine
What symptom results from hyperthyroid
Grave’s disease
What symptoms result from hypothyroid
Myexedema
Too much parathormone causes serum calcium to
increase
Too little parathormone causes serum calcium to
decrease
Adrenal Glands help handle
Stress
What are the two parts to the adrenal glands
Cortex and medulla
What is the VMA
it is Vanillylmandelic test: 24 hour urine speciment to look for increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine
With a 24 hour test what are you doing
You throw away the first sample and keep the last one in the 24 hours
What does the adrenal cortex consist of
Glucocorticoids
mineralcorticoids
sex hormones
What are the functions of glucocorticoids
They are your stress hormones: Change mood Alter defence mechanism breakdown fat and protein Inhibit Insulin
What is the function of a mineralcorticoid
make you retain sodium and water
make you lose potassium
When you do not have enough glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids or sex hormones you have..
Addison’s disease
What does steroids do to calcium in the blood
it decreases it because it excretes it through GI
When should we screen moms for gestational diabetes
24-28 weeks
If a mom has risk factors for Gestational diabetes when should we screen
At initial visit and at prenatal visit
What are some complications for gestational diabetes for baby
Increased weight and hypoglycemia
What diet should be considered for diabetic patients
Complex carbs, fats and then protein
High fats keep sugar steady
High fiber slows glucose absorption
When should a diabetic exercise
When blood sugar is normalized
after eating
when BS is at it’s highest and the same time and amount a day
How do oral hypoglycemic agents work
they stimulate the pancreas to make insulin
The HbA1C gives you an average of BS for how long
3 months
Alternative methods to insulin injection
Only Rapid acting insulin is used in infusion pump
If a person has hypoglycemia what should they do
Eat and drink simple sugars
Can food delays glucose absorption
fat
Once blood sugars are up what should a patient do in a hypoglycemia state
Eat protein and complex carb
What should you teach a client to prevent hypoglycemia
Eat on a regular basis
Take insulin on a regular basis
Know the S/S of hypoglycemia
Check BS on a regular basis
What is the main difference with DKA and HHNK or HHS
No acidosis in HHNK or HHS
How do you get acidosis in DKA
Absent or inadequate insuilin-> increased sugar–> 3P’s–>Fat breakdown Ketones (acidosis)–> Kussmal resp
What are the complications related to Diabetes
A. DKA
B. HHNK or HHS
C. Vascular damage
-vascular damage
-diabetic retinopathy
-nephropathy,
D. Neuropathy- decreased sensation, numbness, incontinence, gastroparesis
E. Increased risk for infection
