Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

What three hormones does the thyroid gland produce

A

T3
T4
Calcitonin

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2
Q

What is the function of calcitonin

A

Calcitonin decreases Serum Ca+ in the blood by transporting it back into the bones

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3
Q

What do you need to make the hormones produced in the thyroid

A

Iodine

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4
Q

What symptom results from hyperthyroid

A

Grave’s disease

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5
Q

What symptoms result from hypothyroid

A

Myexedema

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6
Q

Too much parathormone causes serum calcium to

A

increase

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7
Q

Too little parathormone causes serum calcium to

A

decrease

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8
Q

Adrenal Glands help handle

A

Stress

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9
Q

What are the two parts to the adrenal glands

A

Cortex and medulla

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10
Q

What is the VMA

A

it is Vanillylmandelic test: 24 hour urine speciment to look for increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine

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11
Q

With a 24 hour test what are you doing

A

You throw away the first sample and keep the last one in the 24 hours

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12
Q

What does the adrenal cortex consist of

A

Glucocorticoids
mineralcorticoids
sex hormones

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13
Q

What are the functions of glucocorticoids

A
They are your stress hormones:
Change mood
Alter defence mechanism
breakdown fat and protein
Inhibit Insulin
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14
Q

What is the function of a mineralcorticoid

A

make you retain sodium and water

make you lose potassium

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15
Q

When you do not have enough glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids or sex hormones you have..

A

Addison’s disease

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16
Q

What does steroids do to calcium in the blood

A

it decreases it because it excretes it through GI

17
Q

When should we screen moms for gestational diabetes

A

24-28 weeks

18
Q

If a mom has risk factors for Gestational diabetes when should we screen

A

At initial visit and at prenatal visit

19
Q

What are some complications for gestational diabetes for baby

A

Increased weight and hypoglycemia

20
Q

What diet should be considered for diabetic patients

A

Complex carbs, fats and then protein
High fats keep sugar steady
High fiber slows glucose absorption

21
Q

When should a diabetic exercise

A

When blood sugar is normalized
after eating
when BS is at it’s highest and the same time and amount a day

22
Q

How do oral hypoglycemic agents work

A

they stimulate the pancreas to make insulin

23
Q

The HbA1C gives you an average of BS for how long

A

3 months

24
Q

Alternative methods to insulin injection

A

Only Rapid acting insulin is used in infusion pump

25
Q

If a person has hypoglycemia what should they do

A

Eat and drink simple sugars

26
Q

Can food delays glucose absorption

A

fat

27
Q

Once blood sugars are up what should a patient do in a hypoglycemia state

A

Eat protein and complex carb

28
Q

What should you teach a client to prevent hypoglycemia

A

Eat on a regular basis
Take insulin on a regular basis
Know the S/S of hypoglycemia
Check BS on a regular basis

29
Q

What is the main difference with DKA and HHNK or HHS

A

No acidosis in HHNK or HHS

30
Q

How do you get acidosis in DKA

A

Absent or inadequate insuilin-> increased sugar–> 3P’s–>Fat breakdown Ketones (acidosis)–> Kussmal resp

31
Q

What are the complications related to Diabetes

A
A. DKA
B. HHNK or HHS
C. Vascular damage
        -vascular damage
        -diabetic retinopathy
        -nephropathy, 
D. Neuropathy- decreased sensation, numbness, incontinence, gastroparesis
E. Increased risk for infection