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NCLEX > RENAL > Flashcards

RENAL Flashcards

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1
Q

What is glomerulonephritis

A

It is an inflammatory reaction in the glomerulus

When antibodies lodge in the glomerulus; you get scarring and decrease filtering.

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2
Q

What is the main cause of glomerulonephritiis

A

Streptococcus Bacteria

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3
Q

What are the main S/S to watch out for Renal Failure

A 
(WANDMH)
Weight loss
anorexia
nausea/vomitting
decreased urine output
malaiase
headache
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4
Q

What is the patho of nephrotic syndrome

A
  1. inflamatory response in glomeruli where big holes started to leak out protein
  2. Decreased protein in blood–> hypoalbuminia
  3. Increased fluid in tissue spaces–> edema
  4. Body tries to compensate via RAS
  5. Increased fluid but no albumin to hold it in.
  6. Patient experiences Anascara
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5
Q

What are the problems associated with protein loss

A
  1. risk for Blood clots (thrombosis) (no protein that would normally prevent blood from clotting)
  2. Increased cholesterol and triglycerides (d/t liver trying to compensate by making more albumin=increased cholesterol and triglycerides)
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6
Q

What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome

A 
Idiopathic
bacterial/viral infection
NSAIDS
cancer and genetic predisposition
systemic disease like lupus or diabetes
strep
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7
Q

Which disease do you NOT limit protein in the kidneys with?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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8
Q 
When you have 
-decreased perfusion to kidneys, 
-hypotension
-arryhthmias
-hypovolemia
-any form of shock
What kind of renal failure is this?
A

Pre-renal failure

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9
Q 
When you have:
-Glomerulanephritis
-nephrotic syndrome
-over use of dyes
-drugs (aminoglycosides)
-malignant HTN
-DM causing vascular damage
What kind of renal failure is this?
A

Intra-renal (inside kidney)

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10
Q 
When you have:
-enlarged prostate
-kidney stones
-tumors
-uretral obstruction
-edematous stoma (ileal conduit)
What kind of renal failure is this?
A

Post-Renal Failure

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11
Q

What are the 2 phases of Renal Failure

A

Oliguric and Diuretic

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12
Q

Which phase of renal failure do you get:

  • decreased urine output
  • client is in fve
  • hyperkalemia
A

Oliguric phase

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13
Q

Which phase of renal failure do you get if:

  • It is a sudden onset
  • U/O is increaed
  • Client is in FVD–> Shock
  • Hypokalemia
A

Diuretic phase

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14
Q

What should you be monitoring when someone is going through hemodialysis

A
  • eat and drink
  • to be on an anticoagulant therapy (bleeding precautions)
  • depression
  • electrolytes and blood pressure
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15
Q

What are some of the types of access used for hemodialysis

A

AVF (Arteriovenous fitsula)

AVG (Arteriovenous graft)

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16
Q

How many needles are inserted in the vascular space and what are they used for.

A
  1. 1) allow blood to be pulled from circulation and sent to the hemodialysis machine
    2) return filtered blood back to client for circulation
17
Q

What veins can be used that wont require surgery for hemodialysis

A

Internal jugular

Femoral vein

18
Q

What should you make sure you don’t do when caring for someone going through a hemodialysis

A
  • don’t have BP on that extremity
  • No needle sticks
  • No constrictions
19
Q

What assessments should you make with access for hemodialysis

A

-Patency
-Palpate –> Thrill-cat purring sensation
-Auscultate–>Bruit-turbulent blood flow
FEEL A THRILL HEAR A BRUIT

20
Q

Should a dialysate be warmed before infusion for peritoneal dialysis and if so why

A

Yes, because it promotes vasodilation

21
Q

What happends in the dwell time of peritoneal dialysis

A

-fluid (2000-2500cc) fills peritoneal cavity about 10mins

and remains in the peritoneal cavity

22
Q

What happens in the exchange phase of peritoneal dialysis

A

-When the bag is lowered and fluids along with toxins are drained

23
Q

What color should the drainage look like

A

Clear, Straw-liked

24
Q

What can you do to a patient if all fluid is not able to come out

A

Gently move client from side to side

25
Q

What are the two types of Peritoneal dialysis

A

CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis)

CCPD (Continious cycle peritoneal dialysis)

26
Q

If someone has a colostomy or arhtritis can they undergo CAPD

A

No

27
Q

What are some complications of peritoneal dialysis

A

1) Peritonitis
2) Constant sweet taste
3) Hernia
4) Altered body image/sexuality
5) Anorexia
6) Low back pain

28
Q

What should a person undergoing peritoneal dialysis have more in their diet

A

Fiber and protein

29
Q

What kind of setting and patient is Continous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) done

A

ICU and a cardiovascular and acute renal failure patient

NCLEX (21 decks)

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