Gastrointestinal Flashcards
What happens in pancreatitis
It is the auto-digestion of the pancreas
What are the functions of the pancreas
1) endocrine function-releases insulin
2) exocrine function-releases digestive enzymes to ducts
What are the 2 types of pancreatitis and what is the primary cause
Acute and chronic and Alcohol/gall bladder disease
When someone’s lipase and amylaze are up, wbc blood sugar, alt and ast are elvated. it takes longer to clot blood and bilirubin are up what could this mean
Pancreatitits
What are the major functions of the liver
- detoxify the body
- helps with blood clot
- metabolzies drugs
- synthesizes albumin
What happens when someone has cirrhosis of the liver
The liver cells are destroyed and replaced with scar tissue causing decrease perfusion and causes BP to increase–> Portal hypertension
Order for: -U/S -CT, MRI -Liver biopsy What could these indicate for
Cirrhosis of liver
What should u obtain prior to a liver biopsy
PT, INR and aPTT
Vital signs
How do you position a client for a liver biopsy
Supine with right arm up and out of the way, ask the patient to exhale and hold breath
How do you position a client post- liver biopsy
Lie on right side, because we are worried about bleeding
What causes a person experiencing hepatic coma to have a low loc
increased ammonia levels that can’t be converted to urea by the liver causes a build up of ammonia in the blood and this causes a decrease loc
What happens when there is an increase in BP in the liver;
Collateral circulation
Where does blood flow to when we have collaterall circulation
Esophagus, stomach and rectum
What is the most common cause of a GI bleed,
Peptic ulcer
Where can a peptic ulcer be seen
Esophagus, stomach and duodenum
Is Erosion present with peptic ulcer
Yes
How do we diagnose a peptic ulcer
Gastroscopy (EGD, endoscopy)
What nursing precations should be considered for a person undergoing a gastroscopy
Remain NPO pre-procedure and until gag reflex returns
Watch for perforation, watch for pain bleeding and swallowing difficulty
No smoking, chewing gum or have any nicotine patches
Which ulcer is it that vomitting helps and food doesn’t help
Gastric ulcer
Which ulcer is it that food helps and there is blood in stool
Duodenal ulcer
What happens that causes a hiatal hernia
A hole in the diaphragm causing the stomach to move up into the thoracic cavity… because abdomen is too big or the patient has had a trauma/ surgery or it is a congenital deformity
What is dumping syndrome
it is when the stomach empties too quickly after eating could be secondary to a gastric bypass, gastrectomy or gall bladder disease
Where is ulcerative colitis found
Large intestine
Where is chron’s found
Ileum but more so anywhere in the small or large intestine
