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NCLEX > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens in pancreatitis

A

It is the auto-digestion of the pancreas

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2
Q

What are the functions of the pancreas

A

1) endocrine function-releases insulin

2) exocrine function-releases digestive enzymes to ducts

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of pancreatitis and what is the primary cause

A

Acute and chronic and Alcohol/gall bladder disease

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4
Q

When someone’s lipase and amylaze are up, wbc blood sugar, alt and ast are elvated. it takes longer to clot blood and bilirubin are up what could this mean

A

Pancreatitits

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5
Q

What are the major functions of the liver

A
  1. detoxify the body
  2. helps with blood clot
  3. metabolzies drugs
  4. synthesizes albumin
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6
Q

What happens when someone has cirrhosis of the liver

A

The liver cells are destroyed and replaced with scar tissue causing decrease perfusion and causes BP to increase–> Portal hypertension

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7
Q 
Order for:
-U/S
-CT, MRI
-Liver biopsy
What could these indicate for
A

Cirrhosis of liver

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8
Q

What should u obtain prior to a liver biopsy

A

PT, INR and aPTT

Vital signs

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9
Q

How do you position a client for a liver biopsy

A

Supine with right arm up and out of the way, ask the patient to exhale and hold breath

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10
Q

How do you position a client post- liver biopsy

A

Lie on right side, because we are worried about bleeding

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11
Q

What causes a person experiencing hepatic coma to have a low loc

A

increased ammonia levels that can’t be converted to urea by the liver causes a build up of ammonia in the blood and this causes a decrease loc

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12
Q

What happens when there is an increase in BP in the liver;

A

Collateral circulation

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13
Q

Where does blood flow to when we have collaterall circulation

A

Esophagus, stomach and rectum

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of a GI bleed,

A

Peptic ulcer

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15
Q

Where can a peptic ulcer be seen

A

Esophagus, stomach and duodenum

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16
Q

Is Erosion present with peptic ulcer

A

Yes

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17
Q

How do we diagnose a peptic ulcer

A

Gastroscopy (EGD, endoscopy)

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18
Q

What nursing precations should be considered for a person undergoing a gastroscopy

A

Remain NPO pre-procedure and until gag reflex returns
Watch for perforation, watch for pain bleeding and swallowing difficulty
No smoking, chewing gum or have any nicotine patches

19
Q

Which ulcer is it that vomitting helps and food doesn’t help

A

Gastric ulcer

20
Q

Which ulcer is it that food helps and there is blood in stool

A

Duodenal ulcer

21
Q

What happens that causes a hiatal hernia

A

A hole in the diaphragm causing the stomach to move up into the thoracic cavity… because abdomen is too big or the patient has had a trauma/ surgery or it is a congenital deformity

22
Q

What is dumping syndrome

A

it is when the stomach empties too quickly after eating could be secondary to a gastric bypass, gastrectomy or gall bladder disease

23
Q

Where is ulcerative colitis found

A

Large intestine

24
Q

Where is chron’s found

A

Ileum but more so anywhere in the small or large intestine

25
Q

What helps diagnose a ulcerative colitis and chron’s disease

A

CT
Colonoscopy
Barium enema

26
Q

What should you as nurse take precautions before a colonoscopy

A

The patient should be on a clear diet for 12-24 hours and NPO 6-8 hours pre procedure
Avoid NSAIDS
Give laxatives and enemas until stool is clear
Polyethylene glycol- to make the patient pee
sedated for procedure

27
Q

What helps the patient drink the colon prep

A

If the prep was icy cold

28
Q

What should client be taught for post-colonoscopy

A

Watch for perforation, pain discomfort

29
Q

What should be given if colonoscopy is incomplete

A

Barium enema

30
Q

When a person gets ileostomy care what should the nurse expect

A

Liquid drain, avoid foods hard to digest and rough foods, give gatorade and the patient could be at risk for kidney stones

31
Q

When a person gets colostomy care what should the nurse expect

A

Water and nutrients are being absorbed and stool is forming

32
Q

When should a nurse irrigate

A

Only irrigate in the descending and sigmoid part of the colon

33
Q

What position do you put the patient to irrigate them

A

Similar to enema receiving, any position

34
Q

If the client starts to cramp when receiving enema what do you do

A

Stop the enema, lower the bag and check the temperature of the fluid

35
Q

What is an appendix related to

A

Low fiber diet

36
Q

How do we diagnose an appendix

A

increased wbc
CT
Ultrasound

37
Q

Do you give enemas or laxative to a patient who has appendicitis

A

No because it could cause perforation

38
Q

What should we take into consideration when dealing with TPN

A 
Keep it refrigerated; warm for administration
Use Central Line (PICC) only for TPN
Filter needed
Discontinue if hypoglycemia
daily weights and take insulin
check for urine (for ketones & glucose)
Never mix ahead of time
can only be hung for 24 hours
change tube with each bag
needs to be on pump
emphasize hand washing
39
Q

What’s a complication to watch out for with TPN

A

Infection

40
Q

When assisting a physician with inserting a Central Line what should you do prior to flushing

A

Get a confirmation of placement via CXR before saline flush

41
Q

What position do you have the client in with inserting a central line

A

Trendelenburg

42
Q

If air goes into the line what do you put the client in

A

Keep the patient trendelenburg but place client on L side

43
Q

When changing tubning and to avoid air inline what can you do?

A

Clamp it off
Ask the client to bear down (Valsalva)
and to take a deep breath and hummm

44
Q

Why is an xray done post insertion of a central line

A

To make sure for placement and also to make sure that the client does not have a pneumothorax

NCLEX (21 decks)

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