Oncology Flashcards
What are some risk factors for cancer
African American over the age of 60 who is immunosupresed due to AIDS, has been smoking and drinking as a coping mechanism. He lives in a warm climate and his work involves croping a farm that grows cruciferous vegetables. With his veges he eats carrots, beef and for lunch his wife makes him roast beef sandwich with orange juice
Sunscreen and no smoking are examples of what preventative measures
Primary prevention
Screening and detecting cancer are examples of what preventative measures
Secondary prevention
When should females start self-breast exam
age 20
When and how often should females have clincial breast exams
20-39 and every 3 years
After 40 and every year
How often should one have a pap smear
every 3 years
What should a female avoid prior to a pap
no douche or sex
When and how often should females start mammograms
at age 40 and yearly after that
When and how often should anyone have a colonoscopy
at age 50 and 10 years after
Should males perform monthly self-breast exam
yes
How often should men go for a digital exam and PSA
Yearly after age 50
What does Internal radiation do?
Placing radioactive substance inside the client
What are the types of internal radioactve
unsealed and sealed
What does unsealed radioactive do
it emits radiation and is radioactive for 24-48 hours in a patient.
IT can be given IV or PO
What does sealed radioactive do
This is when the client emits radiation and the implant is close to tumor
What is the difference between sealed and unsealed
Unsealed - the body fluid emit radiation
Do radiation implants emit radiation to environment
Yes
This client should be in a what kind of room
Private room
What are some precaution measures
Private room Restrict visitors Limit time to 30/day No visitors younger than 16 visitors must stay 6F from source No pregnant visitors/nurse mark room with instructions for specific isotope wear gloves with risk of exposure to body fluids
How do you prevent dislodgment
Keep client on bedrest
Decrease fiber
Prevent bladder distention
Side effects of external radiation
Altered tast Erythema Fatigue Shedding of skin Pancytopenia (all blood components decreased)
Can you wash away markings and use lotions on markings
NO
How long do you protect the site from the sun after completion of therapy
For one year
How does chemotherapy work
It works on a cell cycle
When is chemo usually scheduled
Every 3-4 weeks
side effects of chemo are?
Alopecia N/V Anemia Immunosuppresion Mucositis thrombocytopenia
What is a vesicant?
Type of chemo
What test helps diagnose cervical cancer
Pap smear
What tests help diagnose uterine cancer
CA-125 to r/o ovarian involvemnt
D&C dilationa nd curettage and endometrial biopsy
Tests to evaluate metastasis
CXR IVP (intra venous pyelogram) BE (Barium enema) CT Liver and bone scan
Tests to help diagnose lung cancer
Bronchoscopy Sputum specimen CXR CT MRI
Tests to help diagnose Laryngeal Cancer
Laryngeal exam
MRI
Tests to help diagnose Colorectal Cancer
Screening
Colonoscopy
Test to help diagnose bladder cancer
Cystoscopy
Tests to diagnose prostate cancer
Lab work: PSA increase Alkaline phonsphate increase Acid phosphatase increase Biopsy
Tests to diagnose stomach cancer
Upper GI, CT, EDG (esophagogastroduodenoscopy)
