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NCLEX > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the term used for blood returning to the right side of the heart.

A

Preload

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2
Q

What is the term used for the pressure that the left ventricle has to pump blood against

A

Afterload

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3
Q

Explain HTN

A

Hypertension is when there is more resistance for the left ventricle to pump against.

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4
Q

What 2 things can HTN lead to?

A

Heart failure and pulmonary edema

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5
Q

What is the term used for the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each beat

A

Stroke Volume

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6
Q

What is tissue perfusion dependent on

A

Adequate Cardiac Output

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7
Q

What are the factors that affect Cardiac Output

A
  • Heart rate and certain arrhytmias
  • Blood Volume
  • Decrease contractility
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8
Q

What happens to the rest of the body when you have a decreased CO

A 
Brain- LOC goes down
Heart- Chest pain
Lung- SOB, wet lung sounds
Skin- Cool extremity
Kidney- UO goes down
Peripheral pulses- weak and thready
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9
Q

What 3 arrhythmias are a big deal because they affect Cardiac Output

A
  1. Ventricular Fibrilation
  2. Asystole
  3. Pulseless V-tech
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10
Q

What is coronary artery disease

A

Common type of cardiovascular disease that includes both chronic stable angina and acute coronary syndrome

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11
Q

With Chronic Stable angina what is the patho

A

Decreased blood flow = decreased o2 to heart muscle–>ischemia–> temp pain and pressure in chest and back.
due to exertion

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12
Q

What relieves chronic stable angina

A

rest and nitroglycerin

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13
Q

What is Acute Coronary Syndrome

A

Involves MI, unstable Angina
Decreased blood flow = decreased o2 to heart muscle can lead to ischemia and necrosis. –> nitro doesn’t relieve this pain

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14
Q

What are the complications resulting from Acute Coronary Syndrome

A

1) Major Arrhythmias- v fib, asystole, pulseless vtech, bradycardia

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15
Q 
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular Heart Disease
Endocarditis
Acute MI
HTN 
What can all of these cause
A

Heart failure

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of HF

A

Right and Left
Both are that blood is not moving forward, but Right it’s not moving forward to heart and left it’s not moving forward to body

17
Q

When the heart can’t contract and eject what kind of heart failure is this

A

Systolic heart failure

18
Q

When the heart can’t relax and fill what kind of heart failure is this

A

Diastolic heart failure

19
Q

What does Ace inhibitors do?

A

They suppress the RAS prevent angiotensin I to convert to II. This results in dilation and increase in SV

20
Q

What does ARBS do?

A

Blocks angiotensin II receptors and cause a decrease in arterial resistance and decrease in BP

21
Q

What are we concerned of when we use Ace inhibitors and ARBS

A

Hyperkalemia because body is blocking aldosterone therefore we are excreting NA and H2O

22
Q

What does Digitalis do

A

They cause an increase in contractility by slowing heart rate.

23
Q

What are the early and late S/S of digital toxicity

A

Early: Anorexia, n/v
Late: Arrhythmias and vision changes

24
Q

What is the purpose of diuretics

A

To decrease volume therefore decrease preload

25
Q

When do you give diuretics

A

In AM

26
Q

What is our natural pacemaker in our body

A

SA node

27
Q

What is the purpose of a pacemaker

A

to increase heart rate with systomatic bradycardia

28
Q

What should we worry about with pacemakers

A

If the rate decreases

29
Q

What is the patho behind pulmonary edema

A

Fluid backing up into the lungs. Usually occurs at night

30
Q

What is Caridac tamponade

A

it is when fluid such as blood or exudate enter the pericardial sac resulting in compression of heart

31
Q 
MVA
Right ventricular biopsy
MI
Pericarditis 
hemorrage
post CABG 
all can result in what
A

Cardiac tamponade

32
Q

What occurs with an arterial disorder

A

Arterial occlusion

NCLEX (21 decks)

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