Cardiac Flashcards
What is the term used for blood returning to the right side of the heart.
Preload
What is the term used for the pressure that the left ventricle has to pump blood against
Afterload
Explain HTN
Hypertension is when there is more resistance for the left ventricle to pump against.
What 2 things can HTN lead to?
Heart failure and pulmonary edema
What is the term used for the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each beat
Stroke Volume
What is tissue perfusion dependent on
Adequate Cardiac Output
What are the factors that affect Cardiac Output
- Heart rate and certain arrhytmias
- Blood Volume
- Decrease contractility
What happens to the rest of the body when you have a decreased CO
Brain- LOC goes down Heart- Chest pain Lung- SOB, wet lung sounds Skin- Cool extremity Kidney- UO goes down Peripheral pulses- weak and thready
What 3 arrhythmias are a big deal because they affect Cardiac Output
- Ventricular Fibrilation
- Asystole
- Pulseless V-tech
What is coronary artery disease
Common type of cardiovascular disease that includes both chronic stable angina and acute coronary syndrome
With Chronic Stable angina what is the patho
Decreased blood flow = decreased o2 to heart muscle–>ischemia–> temp pain and pressure in chest and back.
due to exertion
What relieves chronic stable angina
rest and nitroglycerin
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome
Involves MI, unstable Angina
Decreased blood flow = decreased o2 to heart muscle can lead to ischemia and necrosis. –> nitro doesn’t relieve this pain
What are the complications resulting from Acute Coronary Syndrome
1) Major Arrhythmias- v fib, asystole, pulseless vtech, bradycardia
Cardiomyopathy Valvular Heart Disease Endocarditis Acute MI HTN What can all of these cause
Heart failure