Cardiac Flashcards
What is the term used for blood returning to the right side of the heart.
Preload
What is the term used for the pressure that the left ventricle has to pump blood against
Afterload
Explain HTN
Hypertension is when there is more resistance for the left ventricle to pump against.
What 2 things can HTN lead to?
Heart failure and pulmonary edema
What is the term used for the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each beat
Stroke Volume
What is tissue perfusion dependent on
Adequate Cardiac Output
What are the factors that affect Cardiac Output
- Heart rate and certain arrhytmias
- Blood Volume
- Decrease contractility
What happens to the rest of the body when you have a decreased CO
Brain- LOC goes down Heart- Chest pain Lung- SOB, wet lung sounds Skin- Cool extremity Kidney- UO goes down Peripheral pulses- weak and thready
What 3 arrhythmias are a big deal because they affect Cardiac Output
- Ventricular Fibrilation
- Asystole
- Pulseless V-tech
What is coronary artery disease
Common type of cardiovascular disease that includes both chronic stable angina and acute coronary syndrome
With Chronic Stable angina what is the patho
Decreased blood flow = decreased o2 to heart muscle–>ischemia–> temp pain and pressure in chest and back.
due to exertion
What relieves chronic stable angina
rest and nitroglycerin
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome
Involves MI, unstable Angina
Decreased blood flow = decreased o2 to heart muscle can lead to ischemia and necrosis. –> nitro doesn’t relieve this pain
What are the complications resulting from Acute Coronary Syndrome
1) Major Arrhythmias- v fib, asystole, pulseless vtech, bradycardia
Cardiomyopathy Valvular Heart Disease Endocarditis Acute MI HTN What can all of these cause
Heart failure
What are the 2 types of HF
Right and Left
Both are that blood is not moving forward, but Right it’s not moving forward to heart and left it’s not moving forward to body
When the heart can’t contract and eject what kind of heart failure is this
Systolic heart failure
When the heart can’t relax and fill what kind of heart failure is this
Diastolic heart failure
What does Ace inhibitors do?
They suppress the RAS prevent angiotensin I to convert to II. This results in dilation and increase in SV
What does ARBS do?
Blocks angiotensin II receptors and cause a decrease in arterial resistance and decrease in BP
What are we concerned of when we use Ace inhibitors and ARBS
Hyperkalemia because body is blocking aldosterone therefore we are excreting NA and H2O
What does Digitalis do
They cause an increase in contractility by slowing heart rate.
What are the early and late S/S of digital toxicity
Early: Anorexia, n/v
Late: Arrhythmias and vision changes
What is the purpose of diuretics
To decrease volume therefore decrease preload
When do you give diuretics
In AM
What is our natural pacemaker in our body
SA node
What is the purpose of a pacemaker
to increase heart rate with systomatic bradycardia
What should we worry about with pacemakers
If the rate decreases
What is the patho behind pulmonary edema
Fluid backing up into the lungs. Usually occurs at night
What is Caridac tamponade
it is when fluid such as blood or exudate enter the pericardial sac resulting in compression of heart
MVA Right ventricular biopsy MI Pericarditis hemorrage post CABG all can result in what
Cardiac tamponade
What occurs with an arterial disorder
Arterial occlusion
