Fluids and Electorolytes Flashcards
Causes of Hypervolemia
Heart Failure: Volume in the vascular space
Renal Failure: Kidneys not excreting fluid
Increased Sodium via: Alka-Seltzer, fleet enema, IVF with sodium
What is Aldosterone:
Where is it found:
What is it’s function?
Aldosterone is a mineralcorticoid that is found in the adrenal cortex and makes you retain sodium and water.
What is ANP:
Where is it found
What is it’s function
ANP is atrial natriuretic peptide and is found in the atria of the heart.
Works opposite of aldosterone and causes you to get rid of sodium and water.
with increased fluid in the heart it causes stretching which releases ANP and this stimulates the kidneys to get rid of sodium and water.
What is ADH:
Where is it found
What is it’s function?
ADH is an antidiuretic hormone that is found in the pituitary and it’s function is to retain water only.
What can too much ADH cause?
Retain water FVE SIADH Urine is concentrated Blood volume is dilute
What does too little ADH cause?
Lose water FVD-->Shock DI--> Diabetes Insipidus/Diuresis Urine is dilute Blood volume is concentrated
Concentrated causes what to the #’s?
Go UP.
Urine specific gravity,
Sodium
Hematocrit
What causes ADH problems
Craniotomy head injury sinus injury transphenoidal hypophysectomy Increase ICP
What causes Hypovolemia
Loss of fluids from anywhere
Third spacing (Burns, ascites)
Diseases with polyuria. Polyuria–> Oliguria –> Anuria
What does an Isotonic solution do?
What is an example?
What is it used for?
Isotonic solutions cause the fluids that are being administered to stay in the vascular space
Eg. NS, LR, D5W, D51/4 NS
Used for: loss of fluids such as: vomitting, nausea, burns, sweats, trauma.
What does a hypotonic solution do?
What is an example?
What is it used for?
Hypotonic solution is administred in vascular and then goes into the cells to replace fluids there
Eg. D2.5W, 1/2NS, 0.33 NS
it is used for clients with HTN, Renal or cardiac disease and they need replacement fluids due to nausea, vomitting, burns, hemorhage etc.
Also used for dilution for hypernatremia
What does a hypertonic solution do?
What are some examples?
What is it used for
Hypertonic solution will go into the vascular space and draw fluid from the cells into the vascular space
Eg. D510W, 3%NS, 5%NS, D5LR, D51/2NS, TPN, Albumin
Used for clients with hyponatremia, patients who have 3rd spacing, severe edema, burns, ascites
What are the causes of Hypermagnesemia
Renal failure
antacids
What are the causes of hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Thiazides
immobilization
What are the causes of Hypomagnesemia
Diarrhea
Alcoholism
Alcohol suppresses ADH and its hypertonic
