Burns

Question 1

What happens after a burn occurs

Answer 1

1. Increased cap permeability
2. Fluid rushes out of vascular space –> FVD–>increase pulse
3. Cardiac output decreases & U/O decreases–>Less volume in vascular space

Question 2

What is secreted after a burn occurs

Answer 2

1. Epinephrine and it casues vasoconstriction

2. ADH and Aldosterone as it causes the body to retain sodium and water to increase blood volume

Question 3

Most comon airway injury?
What does this cause?
Where does it occur?
What treatment?

Answer 3

Carbon Monoxide
Hypoxia
Head, neck, face, chest
oxygen 100%

Question 4

What is a common formula for burn injury

Answer 4

Rule of Nine's 
Head and Neck 9%
Trunk front and back 18% each
Arm 9% each
Leg 18% each

Question 5

What is the Parkland Formula

Answer 5

(4ml of LR) * (Body weight in KG) * (% of TBSA burned) = total fluid requirement for the first 24 hours after burn

In the first 8 hours= 1/2 of total volume
In the second 8 hours= 1/4 of total volume
In the third 8 hours = 1/4 of total volume

Question 6

What are some complications of burns?

Answer 6

Circumfential burns: burns all the way around eg. arm
Decrease urine output and then increased
Hyperkalemia
Stress Ulcers
Contractures
Infections

Question 7

What relieves pressure and restores circulation and cuts through eschar

Answer 7

Eschratomy

Question 8

What relives pressure and restores circulation, but cut is deeper into tissues cuts through eschar and fascia

Answer 8

Fasciotomy

Question 9

What are some circulatory checks

Answer 9

1. Colour
2. Temp
3. Pulse
   .4. Cap refill

Question 10

What do you do if the color of the urine was brown or red

Answer 10

Call the Physician

Question 11

What drug is used to flush out kidney

Answer 11

Mannitol

Question 12

For someone who has a burn what does the physcian order in terms of diet and why?

Answer 12

NPO and NG suction to decrease the chances of developing a paralytic ileus

Question 13

What lab work should you be checking to ensure proper nutrition and positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 13

Pre-albumin levels, total protein and albumin

Question 14

When there is damage to epidermis what is this burn

Answer 14

First degree- superficial thickness

Question 15

When there is damage to entire epidermis and varying depths of dermis

Answer 15

second degree- Partial thickness

Question 16

When there is damage to the entire dermis and sometimes fat

Answer 16

third degree- full thickness

Question 17

How do you prevent contractures

Answer 17

Splints/ wrap each finger separately/ hyperextend neck, head is back, no pillows, promote chin to chest

Question 18

What likes to grow in eschar

Answer 18

bacteria

Question 19

What type of isolation for a burn patient

Answer 19

Positive/reverse isolation

Question 20

What are sutilanis or collagenase used for

Answer 20

Enzymatic drugs they eat dead tissue

Question 21

What can also be used to debride wound

Answer 21

Hydrotherapy

Question 22

What do you do if someone has had a chemical burn

Answer 22

Flush it for 15-20 minutes

Question 23

What do you do if someone has had an electrical burn

Answer 23

Monitor heart for 24 hours

Question 24

What arrhythmias are clients with electrical burn at risk for

Answer 24

v-tac

v-fib

Question 25

What can build up as a result of electrical burns? what can this cause

Answer 25

Myoglobin and hemoglobin–> Kidney damage

Question 26

Cataracts
Gait problems
Neuro deficits
These are complications of what type of wound

Answer 26

ELECTRICAL wounds