Signals Flashcards
Distress signals
1)SOS radio transmission in Morse
…_ _ _ …
2)Mayday x3 via radio transmission
3) Mayday via data link
4) pyrotechnic red light fired one at a time for short intervals
5) red parachute flare
6) radiotelegraph signal of 12 dashes (4 sec dashes, 1 sec break)
6) radiotelephone signal of 2 alternating tones (30 to 1 sec in length each tone)
Distressed aircraft signals means
aircraft is signaling that it’s in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance
Urgency signals
aircraft is signaling that it’s experiencing difficulties which may or may not compel it to land but does not need immediate assistance
what are the urgency signals.
Visual:
1)repeated switching off and on of landing lights
2)repeated switching off and on off of navigation lights
Radio
XXX via radio telegraph
PAN PAN x3 via radio call or data link
Morse code .._ .. .. _
what is the emergency radio frequency
121.5 mhz
what is the signal from the ground if an unauthorized aircraft enters a restricted area?
green and red projectile in 10 sec intervals
light signals from ATC (to aircraft in flight)
Steady Green: cleared to land
Steady Red: Don’t land, keep circuiling and give way
Flashing Green: Return to land
Flashing Red: Aerodrome not fit for landing
Flashing white: Land and proceed to apron
Pryotechnic red: don’t land (overrides previous instructions)
ATC lights for aircraft on ground
Steady Green: cleared to take off
Steady Red: Stop
Flashing Green: Cleared to TAxi
Flashing Red: Stay clear of landing area
Flashing white: go back to the starting point of aerodrome
aircraft acknowledgment signals to ATC lights on ground or in flight
In flight:
Day time: Rock wings
Night time: switch off and on the Nav or Landing lights twice
On ground
Day time: Move airelons or rudder
Night time: switch off and on the Nav or Landing lights twice
ATC Signal Squares
**Yellow ‘X’ in red background:
**Aerodrome prohibited - not allowed to land/enter
**Yellow ‘/’ in red background
**Aerodrome’s manoevering area is poor. Land with caution
Right hand consipicuous arrow in signal area or runway in use - indicates a right had circuit (must turn right to take off or land)
White dumbell: Can take off, Land and Taxi only on designated taxiways and runways
**White dumbell with black lines across each: **Can take off & Land on designated runways but manoevering need not be confined to runways or taxiways
White or Orange ‘T’: land or take off paralle to the shaft of the T
2 white crosses - gliders are in operation
Signs on runway/taxiway
White or Yellow X on runway/taxiway:
Area unfit for movement
Sign used to identify the ATS reporting office
Black ‘C’ letter on yellow background
how are engines numbered for marshaller
Port to starboard, starting with #1 for the outer most engine
marshal slicing motion across the next
stopengine
Marshal’s right extended to the side, left hand waving towards his head
Pilot should turn left
Marshal’s left extended to the side, right hand waving towards his head
Pilot should turn right
arms below hip level, moving up and down
slow down
arms stright up then swung to right/left together
handing off to next marshall
arms extended to sides above hip level and moving above head to form a cross
stop
Arms above head,
indicating the bay to park in
right arm above head, left hand below the waist moving slightly
aircraft movement is unobstructed
right arm above head, hand moving from right to left
proceed under my guidance
both arms up above the head, moving palms slight in front and back of head
move ahead
Engage & disengage breaks
Engage: Fist open, then fist closed
Disengage: fist closed, then fist open
chocks inserted/removed
chocks inserted: arms above head, moving into each other
chocks removed: arms above head, pulling away from each other
right hand creating circular motion
left hand displaying a specific # of fingers
turn on engine # 1, 2, etc..
In which scenarios does interception happen (luch)
If it is believed that:
* Aircraft is lost
* Subjected to unlawful interference
* Crew member is incapacitated
* Aircraft has hostile intent
Interference - principles observed by the state
1)No practice interception on civil aircraft
2)If civil aircraft is intercepted and requested to land, the aerodrom must be fit for landing
3)Interception should be last measure
4)Limited should be limited to identifying the aircraft, unless it’s necessary to:
guide it to a specific track
guide it outside national boundaries
guide it away from restricted/prohibited areas
Instruct it to land
5)ICAO standard of signals should be complied to by the state and the Pilot
What should an aircraft subjected to unlawful interference do?
establish radio contact and advise on the severity of the situation and whether it will deviate from it’s flight plan
If Supp not established, what should that aircraft do?
Fly at levels not often used by IFR
1000ft above 290FL
or
500 ft below 290FL
Action taken by intercepted aircraft (FARM)
Visual signals
follow instructions given by intercepting aircraft (use visuals)
ATSU connection
establish connection with appropriate ATSU
Radio connection
Establish radio contact on 121.5 or 243 Mhz with the interceptor or appropriate ATC unit and give the identification of the aircraft and nature of the flight
Mode C 7700
If aircraft has transponder, use Mode C 7700 unless instructed differently
What if intercepted aircraft is receiving conflicting instructions from intercepter and ATSU?
Interceptor’s queues lead!
follow intercepter’s visual or radio signals whilst seeking clarfication from ATSU
Interception outside an ATSU area of responsibility
Inform ATS unit serving the airspace in which the interception is taking place
provide that unit with info to assist it in identifying the aircraft and to request it to take action
relay messages between
- intercepted aircraft
- the appropriate ATS unit
- the Intercept control unit
- the intercepting aircraft
Interception inside an ATSU area of responsibility
Establish radio connection on 121.5 with intercepted aircraft and inform the pilot of the interception.
establish contact with intercept control unit and provide it with info on the aircraft
relay messages between intercepted aircraft, ICU/Interceptor
**coordinate with the ICU **to take all steps to ensure the safety of the intercepted aircraft
inform adjacent ATSUs about the intercepted aircraft i**n case it has ‘strayed’/deviated **from it’s intended track
Interceptor Signals to Intercepted aircraft
“you are intercepted, follow me’
Interceptor Signal:
Interceptor flies a bit above and forward on the left of the aircraft, rocks its wings and flashes Nav lights irregularly:
Intercepted aircraft signal to “acknowledge, will comply”
rocks wings and flashes nav light irregularly
Interceptor Signals to Intercepted aircraft
“you may proceed’
Interceptor signal
90 degree climb/breaking manoevre without crossing the line of flight of intercepted aircraft
Intercepted aircraft signal to “acknowledge, will comply”
rocks wings
Interceptor Signals to Intercepted aircraft
“Land in this aerodrome
Interceptor signal
lower landing gear + steady landing lights + overfly the the runway
Intercepted aircraft signal to “acknowledge, will comply”
lower landing gear + steady landing lights + follow interceptor + overfly the the runway and then land
Intercepted aircraft signal to interceptor
‘aerodrome you chose isn’t fit for landing’
Intercepted aircraft signal
raise landing gear + flashing landing lights + pass over runway at height of 1000ft to 2000ft
Interceptor signal to “acknowledge, follow me”
raise landing gear + flashing landing lights + rocks wings + fly to different track
Intercepted aircraft signal to interceptor
‘cannot comply’
Intercepted aircraft signal
Regular switching off and on of all lights
Interceptor signal to “acknowledge,”
rocks wings
Intercepted aircraft signal to interceptor
‘In distress’
Intercepted aircraft signal
Irregular switching off and on of all lights
Interceptor signal to “acknowledge,”
rocks wings
Radio communication - phrases used by interceptor
phrases to be repeated twice
CALL SIGN = what’s your call sign?
FOLLOW = Follow me
DESCEND = Descend for Landing
YOU LAND = land at this aerodrome
PROCEED = You may proceed
Radio communication - phrases used by intercepted aircraft
phrases to be repeated twice
CALL SIGN = My call sign is ….
WILL CO = will comply
CANNOT = cannot comply
AMLOST = position unknown
MAYDAY = distress
REPEAT= repeat instructions
HIGHJACK= highjack
LAND (name of aerodrome)= i request to land
DESCEND= i require descent
