Signals

Question 1

Distress signals

Answer 1

1)SOS radio transmission in Morse
…_ _ _ …

2)Mayday x3 via radio transmission

3) Mayday via data link

4) pyrotechnic red light fired one at a time for short intervals

5) red parachute flare

6) radiotelegraph signal of 12 dashes (4 sec dashes, 1 sec break)

6) radiotelephone signal of 2 alternating tones (30 to 1 sec in length each tone)

Question 2

Distressed aircraft signals means

Answer 2

aircraft is signaling that it’s in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance

Question 3

Urgency signals

Answer 3

aircraft is signaling that it’s experiencing difficulties which may or may not compel it to land but does not need immediate assistance

Question 4

what are the urgency signals.

Answer 4

Visual:
1)repeated switching off and on of landing lights
2)repeated switching off and on off of navigation lights

Radio
XXX via radio telegraph
PAN PAN x3 via radio call or data link
Morse code .._ .. .. _

Question 5

what is the emergency radio frequency

Answer 5

121.5 mhz

Question 6

what is the signal from the ground if an unauthorized aircraft enters a restricted area?

Answer 6

green and red projectile in 10 sec intervals

Question 7

light signals from ATC (to aircraft in flight)

Answer 7

Steady Green: cleared to land

Steady Red: Don’t land, keep circuiling and give way

Flashing Green: Return to land

Flashing Red: Aerodrome not fit for landing

Flashing white: Land and proceed to apron

Pryotechnic red: don’t land (overrides previous instructions)

Question 8

ATC lights for aircraft on ground

Answer 8

Steady Green: cleared to take off

Steady Red: Stop

Flashing Green: Cleared to TAxi

Flashing Red: Stay clear of landing area

Flashing white: go back to the starting point of aerodrome

Question 9

aircraft acknowledgment signals to ATC lights on ground or in flight

Answer 9

In flight:
Day time: Rock wings
Night time: switch off and on the Nav or Landing lights twice

On ground
Day time: Move airelons or rudder
Night time: switch off and on the Nav or Landing lights twice

Question 10

ATC Signal Squares

Answer 10

**Yellow ‘X’ in red background:
**Aerodrome prohibited - not allowed to land/enter

**Yellow ‘/’ in red background
**Aerodrome’s manoevering area is poor. Land with caution

Right hand consipicuous arrow in signal area or runway in use - indicates a right had circuit (must turn right to take off or land)

White dumbell: Can take off, Land and Taxi only on designated taxiways and runways

**White dumbell with black lines across each: **Can take off & Land on designated runways but manoevering need not be confined to runways or taxiways

White or Orange ‘T’: land or take off paralle to the shaft of the T

2 white crosses - gliders are in operation

Question 11

Signs on runway/taxiway

Answer 11

White or Yellow X on runway/taxiway:
Area unfit for movement

Question 12

Sign used to identify the ATS reporting office

Answer 12

Black ‘C’ letter on yellow background

Question 13

how are engines numbered for marshaller

Answer 13

Port to starboard, starting with #1 for the outer most engine

Question 14

marshal slicing motion across the next

Answer 14

stopengine

Question 15

Marshal’s right extended to the side, left hand waving towards his head

Answer 15

Pilot should turn left

Question 16

Marshal’s left extended to the side, right hand waving towards his head

Answer 16

Pilot should turn right

Question 17

arms below hip level, moving up and down

Answer 17

slow down

Question 18

arms stright up then swung to right/left together

Answer 18

handing off to next marshall

Question 19

arms extended to sides above hip level and moving above head to form a cross

Answer 19

stop

Question 20

Arms above head,

Answer 20

indicating the bay to park in

Question 21

right arm above head, left hand below the waist moving slightly

Answer 21

aircraft movement is unobstructed

Question 22

right arm above head, hand moving from right to left

Answer 22

proceed under my guidance

Question 23

both arms up above the head, moving palms slight in front and back of head

Answer 23

move ahead

Question 24

Engage & disengage breaks

Answer 24

Engage: Fist open, then fist closed

Disengage: fist closed, then fist open

Question 25

chocks inserted/removed

Answer 25

chocks inserted: arms above head, moving into each other chocks removed: arms above head, pulling away from each other

Question 26

right hand creating circular motion left hand displaying a specific # of fingers

Answer 26

turn on engine # 1, 2, etc..

Question 27

In which scenarios does interception happen (luch)

Answer 27

If it is believed that: * Aircraft is lost * Subjected to unlawful interference * Crew member is incapacitated * Aircraft has hostile intent

Question 28

Interference - principles observed by the state

Answer 28

1)No practice interception on civil aircraft 2)If civil aircraft is intercepted and requested to land, the aerodrom must be fit for landing 3)Interception should be last measure 4)Limited should be limited to identifying the aircraft, unless it's necessary to: guide it to a specific track guide it outside national boundaries guide it away from restricted/prohibited areas Instruct it to land 5)ICAO standard of signals should be complied to by the state and the Pilot

Question 29

What should an aircraft subjected to unlawful interference do?

Answer 29

establish radio contact and advise on the severity of the situation and whether it will deviate from it's flight plan

Question 30

If Supp not established, what should that aircraft do?

Answer 30

Fly at levels not often used by IFR 1000ft above 290FL or 500 ft below 290FL

Question 31

Action taken by intercepted aircraft (FARM)

Answer 31

**Visual signals** follow instructions given by intercepting aircraft (use visuals) **ATSU connection** establish connection with appropriate ATSU **Radio connection** Establish radio contact on 121.5 or 243 Mhz with the interceptor or appropriate ATC unit and give the identification of the aircraft and nature of the flight **Mode C 7700** If aircraft has transponder, use Mode C 7700 unless instructed differently

Question 32

What if intercepted aircraft is receiving conflicting instructions from intercepter and ATSU?

Answer 32

Interceptor's queues lead! follow intercepter's visual or radio signals whilst seeking clarfication from ATSU

Question 33

Interception outside an ATSU area of responsibility

Answer 33

**Inform ATS unit serving the airspace** in which the interception is taking place **provide that unit with info** to assist it in identifying the aircraft and to request it to take action **relay messages between** - intercepted aircraft - the appropriate ATS unit - the Intercept control unit - the intercepting aircraft

Question 34

Interception inside an ATSU area of responsibility

Answer 34

**Establish radio connection on 121.5** with intercepted aircraft and inform the pilot of the interception. establish c**ontact with intercept control unit** and **provide it with info on the aircraft** **relay messages between intercepted aircraft, ICU/Interceptor** **coordinate with the ICU **to take all steps to ensure the safety of the intercepted aircraft **inform adjacent ATSUs** about the intercepted aircraft i**n case it has 'strayed'/deviated **from it's intended track

Question 35

Interceptor Signals to Intercepted aircraft "you are intercepted, follow me'

Answer 35

**Interceptor Signal:** Interceptor flies a bit above and forward on the left of the aircraft, rocks its wings and flashes Nav lights irregularly: **Intercepted aircraft signal to "acknowledge, will comply"** rocks wings and flashes nav light irregularly

Question 36

Interceptor Signals to Intercepted aircraft "you may proceed'

Answer 36

**Interceptor signal** 90 degree climb/breaking manoevre without crossing the line of flight of intercepted aircraft **Intercepted aircraft signal to "acknowledge, will comply"** rocks wings

Question 37

Interceptor Signals to Intercepted aircraft "Land in this aerodrome

Answer 37

**Interceptor signal** lower landing gear + steady landing lights + overfly the the runway **Intercepted aircraft signal to "acknowledge, will comply"** lower landing gear + steady landing lights + follow interceptor + overfly the the runway and then land

Question 38

Intercepted aircraft signal to interceptor 'aerodrome you chose isn't fit for landing'

Answer 38

**Intercepted aircraft signal** raise landing gear + flashing landing lights + pass over runway at height of 1000ft to 2000ft **Interceptor signal to "acknowledge, follow me"** raise landing gear + flashing landing lights + rocks wings + fly to different track

Question 39

Intercepted aircraft signal to interceptor 'cannot comply'

Answer 39

**Intercepted aircraft signal** Regular switching off and on of all lights **Interceptor signal to "acknowledge,"** rocks wings

Question 40

Intercepted aircraft signal to interceptor 'In distress'

Answer 40

**Intercepted aircraft signal** Irregular switching off and on of all lights **Interceptor signal to "acknowledge,"** rocks wings

Question 41

Radio communication - phrases used by interceptor

Answer 41

phrases to be repeated twice CALL SIGN = what's your call sign? FOLLOW = Follow me DESCEND = Descend for Landing YOU LAND = land at this aerodrome PROCEED = You may proceed

Question 42

Radio communication - phrases used by intercepted aircraft

Answer 42

phrases to be repeated twice CALL SIGN = My call sign is .... WILL CO = will comply CANNOT = cannot comply AMLOST = position unknown MAYDAY = distress REPEAT= repeat instructions HIGHJACK= highjack LAND (name of aerodrome)= i request to land DESCEND= i require descent