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Air Law > Rules of Air > Flashcards

Rules of Air Flashcards

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1
Q

Flying over congested areas

A

Except in take off and landing or by special permission..

an aircraft can’t fly over congested areas, areas of open air assembly and towns/settlements

Unless it’s sufficiently high to permit emergency landing without endangering persons or property

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2
Q

whilst cruising - where is the aircraft being flown at?

A

At Flight level and Altitude

**Flight level:
**for flights at or above the lowest useable flight level, or above transition altitude

**Altitude:
**flight below the lowest useable flight level or at / below the Transition level

Transition altitude is usually no less thant 3000 ft (depends on state)

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3
Q

Dropping and spraying

A

nothing can be dropped and sprayed whilst in flight unless with permission from ATS or in accordance to any advice or clearance

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4
Q

Towing rules

A

No aircraft can to another aircraft without appropriate authority’s or ATS clearnace or permission.

Towed aircraft must have lights on (the ones they’d normally use in flight)

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5
Q

Aerobatic flights

A

no aircraft shall be flown aerobatically except under conditions prescribed by appropriate authorities, indicated in relevant infor or with clearances and advise from ATS

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6
Q

Parachute descends

A

Parachute descends and emergency descends can’t be made except under conditions prescribed by appropriate authorities, indicated in relevant infor or with clearances and advise from ATS

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7
Q

Unmanned balloons

A

unmanned balloon must be operated to minimize hazards to persons, propertly or aircraft

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8
Q

Formation flight

A

No aircraft can conduct formation flight except by arrangement of PICs

formation in controlled airspace must be in accordance to ICAO rules of air (annex 2) and ATS

manoevering/spacing/separating/joining is the responsiblity of the formation leader and the Pics

for navigation and position reporting purposes, formation operates as single aircraft

aircraft to keep min 1KM (0.5NM) lateral distance from leader

and 30m (100ft) vertical distance from leader

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9
Q

Prohibited areas

A

can’t be flown over or into except in accordance with the conditions of the restrictions or by clearance from the state.

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10
Q

how are restricted areas identified

A

[Nationality][resctriction identifier][identifyer number]

EG (D) 001
England, Danger area, 001

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of restricted areass

A

(P)Prohibited: airspace of defined dimensions in which an aircraft flight is prohibited

(D) Danger: airspace of defined dimensions in which dangerous activities to the flight of an aircraft may exist at specified times

(R) Restricted: airspace of defined dimensions in which the flight of an aircraft is restricgted under certain conditions

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12
Q

for how long can’t the identifier # be used for?

A

the number can’t be reused for 1 year after the area has been withdrawn

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13
Q

what is ‘proximity’

A

aircraft can’t operate in proximity to another aircraft as to create collision hazard

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14
Q

Right of way

A

right of an aircraft to proceed as priority

an aircraft with right of way must maintain it heading and speed

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15
Q

Giving way

A

aircraft that’s oblighed to follow rules to keep out of the way

must avoid passing
over, under across(in front)

unless it passes well clear and takes into account wake turbulence

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16
Q

what to do if 2 flights are flying head on

A

both to alter their heading to the right

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17
Q

what to do if 2 aircraft are converging

A

the aircraft on the right has right of way

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18
Q

what are the right of way priorities based on aircraft class

A

Balloon
Glider
Airship
Towing plane
Airplane

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19
Q

overtaking

A

Aircraft overtaken has right of way

Aircraft overtaking (coming from the rear) must overtake to the right -

overtaking angle is within 70 degreesn in either direction of the centre line of the overtaken aircraft

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20
Q

right of way when landing or taking off

A

An aircraft in flight, or operating on ground or water must give way to another aircraft landing on the approach to landing

an aircraft taxiing must give way to aircrafts taking off/about to take off

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21
Q

right of way when 2 aircraft are

A

The one that is lower has priority

the one that is in the apprach to land has priority

gliders have priority

emergency landing has priority

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22
Q

ATC’s role in setting priority

A

priority of landing is dictated by ATC and should be obeyed

23
Q

when not confined to a runway

A

During landing - aircraft to pass to the right of an aircraft that just landed or about to land

During take off - aircraft move to the right to give way to aircraft about to take off

24
Q

On ground - During taxiing

A

Head on - stop or alter course to the right

converge - the one on the right has right of way

overtaking - can overtake from any direction but stay well clear

25
Q

On ground - vehicle operating on an apron

A

must give way to emergency vehicle, aircraft taxiing, about to taxi, or being towed

26
Q

Surface movement & holding points

A

Holding points:
An aircraft taxiing must stop at all holding points unless otherwise authorised by ATC

Stop light bars:
also must stop at all ‘lighted’ stop bars and can proceed when lights are off. If ATC autorized movement but lights are on, PIC must request clarification/confirmation from ATC.

27
Q

Navigation lights

A

1) Nav lights
Red - Port/Left - 110 projection
Green - starboard/right - 110 projection
White - Rear light 140 project (70 on each side)

On during Night only

On in flight and on the ground

28
Q

Anti-collision lights

A

Rotating Beacon (red or white)
* When engine is on
* Manoevering
* Being towed
* Located on the tail
*On all the time: on day and night, on ground or in flight

Strobe (white)
* Used to attract attention
* Located on the wingtips near Nav lights
* When on active runways when about to take off
* or When crossing runways

*on day and night, on ground or in flight
*turn it off, when off the active runway

29
Q

Landing lights

A
  • Turn on when about to take off & climb, approach and land - ideally on in the traffic circuit
  • Used day and night, on ground or in flight
  • Located at front of plain (sometimes)
  • Might be used for conspicuity or signaling (interception signals, ATC visual communication, etc)
30
Q

What is a Flight Plan

A

notification of intended flight and route to take submitted by the pic

31
Q

submission of flight plan

A

1)Pic to send it to ATS **hard copy or electronically **60 min before flight at destination aerodrome

2)Can be submitted during the flight (not ideal) transmitted to ATS radio station - at least 10 min before reaching an intended controled area or point of crossing an airway

ATS forwards to various ATC involved. ATC (especially for controlled airspace) can approved/reject plan

32
Q

components of flight plan & closing/arrival report

A

Flight plan:
departure and arrival points/airport
estimated time en route
time of arrival
Whether flying IFR or VFR

Closing Flight plan
Aircraft identification
departure and arrival points/airport
alternative destination airports (if deviated)
time of arrival

33
Q

Flight plan for IFR or in controlled airspace

A

flight plan is mandatory and is treated as request for permission

34
Q

Flight plan for VFR

A

not mandatory but only for crossing national borders

35
Q

Other reasons to have a flight plan (advisable)

A

if flying over unfavourable or inhospitable areas or sparsely populated

over large bodies of water greater than 10NM from coast

36
Q

Flight plans mandatory when:

A

flying across international borders

flying SVFR

flying in designated areas or along designated routes where ATS is required to provide search/rescue/flight information

37
Q

closing flight plan

A

If ATS exists: immediately after landing

If ATS doesn’t exist: submit to neart ATS after landing

If comm facilities are poor at destination airport, can submit via aeronotical radio station airborn before landing

38
Q

can deviate from a flight plan if

A

clearance had been requested

in case of emergency (but ATS must be informed by crew)

39
Q

What are the 2 components of Aircraft marking

A

Nationality mark + registration mark

40
Q

What is the format of the aircraft nationality marking

A

consist of a group of characters

41
Q

Where is the nationality mark taken from

A

It’s the same as the radio call sign allocated to the state of registry by the ITU

ITU - International telecomm union

42
Q

Registration mark

A

Letters and/or numbers

if 1st character is a letter then it must be prceded by a hypern

43
Q

who assigns the registration mark

A

State of register

44
Q

where are the marks located and in what size?

A

Fuselage = 30 cm
under the wings = 50 cm

45
Q

what are limitation when selecting an aircraft marketing

A

cannot use marks that can be confused with the international code signals like ones that:

Start with Q
SOS, PAN, XXX, TTT

46
Q

Certificate of Registration

A

Nationality mark
Registration mark
aircraft plate #

47
Q

what is a common mark

A

when an aircraft operator operates in multiple countries and has multiple country of registrations - they use a ‘Common mark’ instead of a nationalty mark.

48
Q

who assigns the common mark?

A

ITU assigns common mark but

ICAO specifies
which state will act as state of registry

49
Q

What is the state in charge of when it comes to air worthiness

A

1) in charge of issuing Airworthiness certificate

2) in charge of reporting any defects, malfunctions, etc that can cause adverse effects on the airworthiness of the aircraft

3) Advise the “state of design” if a type is added to its registers

4) determine the continued airworthiness of an aircraft

5) determine the inspection period to ensure the continued validity of the airworthiness certificate

50
Q

Airworthiness certficate contains:

A

Aircraft nationality & Registration mark

Aircraft manufacturer and manufacturing model

aircraft serial #

issuance date

Notes/validity

Airworthiness review certificate

51
Q

Aircraft damage in a state other than state of registry

A
  • The other state has the right to now allow the damaged aircraft to resume its flights
  • the other state can position the damaged aircraft to fly (without passengers) to repari faciity

**in both cases, the other state must advise/seek permission from the state of registry **

52
Q

Annex 2 and 11 purpose is:

A

purpose is to ensure safe flight over territories and high seas

over high seas,
* annex 2 is applied without exceptions
* * but some provisions of Annex 11 might be applied

53
Q

SERA

A

Standardized European Rules of Air

incorporates ICAO SARPS and notes deviations to create one common rules of air - that applies to:

  • Within europe
  • to all eurpean registered aircraft whever they are, as long as SERA doesn’t conflict with local laws
  • to all ATS, on ground aircraft operations and competent authorities
54
Q

collision avoidance

A

pilot responsible
must make collision avoidance manoevers based on advises from ACAS equipment

Air Law (21 decks)

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