Aerodromes

Question 1

Define Aerodrome

Answer 1

define area of land and/or water that also includes its structures, lighting, fixtures, buildings, etc that is soley used for aircraft arrival, departure and manoevering

Question 2

Airports?

Answer 2

are aerodrome used as a point of entry into a state - usually equipped with customs and immigration

Question 3

What are the features of a certified aerodrome

Answer 3

• The apron
• manoevering area - taxiways and runways

Question 4

what is the classification system used at an aerodrome?

Answer 4

it is a system that helps identify which type and size of aircraft can be accommodated at the aerodrome

Runway Length | Runway Width
**Number (1 to 4) ** | Letter (A to F)
Length of Aircraft | wing length/gear span

Question 5

where is a runway threshold placed

Answer 5

marks are displayed at the beginning of the runway

except if there is an obstacle, etc that dictates the marking to be inset/placed elsewhere on the runway

Question 6

what’s a runway strip

Answer 6

its a strip of land surrounding the runway that gives protection to the runways from mud and earth disturbed by propellors etc..

150 m width (left and right margin)
60 m length (top and bottom margin)
for large percision runways

Question 7

what is RESA

Answer 7

Runway End Safety Area

It’s an area that both ends of the runway that protects aircraft from damage if it under or overshoots the runways

ideally 240 m in length for large percision runways

Question 8

Taxiway dimensions

Answer 8

ICAO Taxiway width classified by code
A
B
C

Question 9

what is a taxi holding position

Answer 9

a marker put at:

intersections betweek taxiways and runways

or at intersetions of two runways, where one of them is used as a taxiway

or at areas where aircraft might infringe at an obstacle free area

or at areas where is radio aid interference

Question 10

If there is not taxiway holding point, how far should an aircraft be from the entrance of a runways

Answer 10

aircraft to hold min 50 m away

Question 11

what is a road holding position

Answer 11

a marker at intersection of a road and runways which identifies the position in which vehicles must hold

Question 12

what aerodrome key data does a pilot need?

Answer 12

AD location (ARP - Aerodrome Reference point based on geometricc centre of the AD)

AD elevation/height (highest point in landing area)

if AD manoevering area is strong enough to handle the aircraft

if AD runway is long enough to land on and take off from

the AD operational status

Question 13

Runways markings are in which colour

Answer 13

white

Question 14

taxiway markings are in which colour

Answer 14

yellow

Question 15

Apron markings colours

Answer 15

The Apron safety line marking (outline of the aircraft’s parking area) = white/conspicious

and the aircraft stand marking (centred within the safety line outline and alignes to vertical centre of aircraft) = Yellow

Question 16

arrows in a paved area before threshold mark on a runway

Answer 16

permanent displaced runway - aircraft can manoevre in that area

Question 17

arrows and triangular cones in a paved area before threshold mark on a runway

Answer 17

Temporary displaced runways

Question 18

white X in paved area before threshold mark on a runway

Answer 18

part of runway not fit for any movement - completely closed, even for emergency

Question 19

Yellow Chevron in paved area before threshold mark on a runway

Answer 19

Part of the Runway not fit for any movement unless it’s used as an emergency stopeway

Question 20

What is the Runway Aiming Point Marking

Answer 20

It must be provided in large aerodrome

it’s a marking that is closer to the approach side of the runway and

sometimes aligned to the Visual Slope Approach if aerodrome has VASI lights

Question 21

What is the Touch Down Zone Marking

Answer 21

Also in large aerodromes

vertical lines/dashes on both sides of the centre line on a runway

signifies the runways landing distance

Question 22

how to mark a runway or taxi that is fully closed

Answer 22

White Xs 300 m apart from one enter to the other

Question 23

Information marking

Answer 23

These are signs that indicate

Location: yellow letter on black background

Destination or Direction: Black letter on yellow background

Question 24

Mandatory Instruction

Answer 24

These are signs that are located on the left side of a taxiway centre line or holding side of the runways holding marking

white inscription on red background
(NO ENTRY)
(CAT I, II, III)
(Taxiway holding position)
(road holding position)

used to identify locations that** no aircraft / vehicle that go to or beyond without authorization**

Question 25

When are runway signs illuminated

Answer 25

when Runway visual range is below 800 m

At night when associated with instrument runway

at night to when associated with non-instrument runways code 3 and 4 (that handle lengthy aircrafts)

Question 26

what are markers

Answer 26

objects displayed above ground to denote boundaries or obstacles.

usually frangible and limited in height to avoid damaging aircraft

Question 27

Runway / taxi edge marker

Answer 27

**On runways **- markers are added on unpaved runways to display its extent (usually showing its boundaries)

on taxiways - edge and centre line are provided, especially if not equipped with edge/centre light or if it’s aerodrom with runway code 1 or 2 (short aircraft)

Question 28

orange & white conical markers

Answer 28

runway boundary marker

for aerodrome without landing runway - denotes boundaries

markers added 90-200 m apart

Question 29

orange and white rectangular board

Answer 29

**stopway edge marker
**
to denote clearly the stopway

different from the runway edge marker or runway boundary marker

Question 30

Flags or Markers must be viewed within what limits?

Answer 30

Viewed from:
min 1000ft in air
min 300 m on ground

colours
must be red & white or orange & white

**Fixed objects **
- can be marked by colour
but if not practicable, can use flags (triangular in print) or markers

** if objects are mobile
**- must use markers & flags (chequered)

Question 31

marking cables

Answer 31

Alternating spherical markers (red and white/ orange and white) that are** 60cm wide**

if there are multiple cables - markers to be placed not lower than the highest cable

Question 32

operational info to monitor in an Aerodrome

Answer 32

• construction or maintenance
• broken or rought surfaces on manoevring areas
• snow, slush, ice, water
• snow banks or drifts
• anti-icing chemicals
• hazards, parked aircrafts, etc
• failure of AD visual aids, power supply , navigations

Question 33

what are the 4 water contaminations

Answer 33

DAMP
suface shows a change of color due to moisture

WET
Surface is soaked but no standing water

WATER PATCHES
Significant patches of standing water are visible

FLOODED
Extensive standing water visible

Question 34

Snow or ice contamination

Answer 34

DRY
which can blown if loose. if compacted by hand, it will fall apart. Specific gravity up to 0.35

WET
when put together as a snowball, the snow sticks and forms the shape. Specific gravity 0.35 up to 0.5

SLUSH
Contains water and splatters when dropped. Sepcific gravity 0.5+