Sex Steroids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main sex steroid hormones?

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone

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2
Q

What are sex steroids synthesised from?

A

Cholesterol

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3
Q

What are the effects of oestrogen?

A

Growth of breast + endomeytrium

Stimulates production of PR

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4
Q

What are the actions of oestrogen?

A
Sodium + water retention 
Raises HDL, lowers LDL
Decrease bone resorption 
Impair glucose tolerance 
Increase coagubility
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5
Q

What are the side effects of oestrogen?

A

Breast tenderness
Water retention
Endometrial, ovarian, breast cancer

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6
Q

What are the effects of progesterone?

A

Growth of endometrium + breast
Maintains pregnancy
Inhibits production of ER

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7
Q

What are the actions of progesterone?

A

Increases bone mineral density
Fluid retention
Mood changes
Maintains pregnancy

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8
Q

What are the side effects of progesterone?

A

Weight gain
Fluid retention
Acne
Mood changes

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9
Q

What are the effects of testosterone?

A

Stimulate male characteristics

  • deep voice
  • hairy body
  • aggression
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10
Q

What are the actions of testosterone?

A

Male secondary sexual characteristics

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11
Q

What are the side effects of testosterone?

A

Acne
Voice changes
Increases aggression

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12
Q

Why is HRT given in menopause?

A

Relieves the symptoms

Protects against osteoporosis

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13
Q

What are risks of HRT?

A

Not preventative against heart disease
Increase VTE risk
Increased stroke risk

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14
Q

What hormones are used in HRT?

A

Oestrogen

Progesterone

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15
Q

What are the routes of administration of HRT?

A
Oral 
Transdermal 
Implant
Transvaginal 
Nasal
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16
Q

What is the risk of unopposed oestrogen?

A

Increased risk of

  • endometrial cancer
  • ovarian cancer
17
Q

What is the risk of opposed oestrogen?

A

Increased risk of breast cancer

18
Q

What is an example of a progesterone receptor antagonist?

A

Mifepristone

19
Q

What is the indication of mifepristone?

A

Medical pregnancy termination

20
Q

What is the route of administration of mifepristone?

21
Q

What is the mechanism of mifepristone?

A

Anti-progesterone

Sensitises the myometrium to prostaglandin induced contractions

22
Q

What are the side effects of mifepristone?

A

Abdo cramps
Diarrhoea
PID

23
Q

What is a SERM?

A

Selective oestrogen receptor modulator

24
Q

What is an example of a SERM?

25
What are the indications for tamoxifen?
Oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer | Anovulatory infertility
26
What is the route of administration of tamoxifen?
Oral
27
What is the mechanism of tamoxifen?
Reduces DNA polymerase activity Impaired thymidine utilisation Blocks oestradiol uptake Decreased oestrogen response
28
What are the side effects of tamoxifen?
Breast cancer Alopecia Constipation D+V
29
What is an example of an anti-oestrogen?
Clomiphene
30
What is the indication of clomiphene?
Anovulation
31
What is the route of administration for clomiphene?
Oral
32
What is the mechanism of clomiphene?
Competes with oestrogen | Induces ovulation - increased production of anterior pituitary hormones
33
What are the side effects of clomiphene?
Anxiety Depression Alopecia Hot flushes