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Pharmacology > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of drugs that act on the renal tubule?

A 
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Osmotic diuretics 
Loop diuretics 
Thiazides
Potassium sparing diuretics
Aldosterone antagonists
ADH antagonists
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2
Q

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act?

A

PCT

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3
Q

Where do osmotic diuretics act?

A

PCT
Descending limb of LOH
CD

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4
Q

Where do Loop diuretics act?

A

Thick ascending limb of LOH

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5
Q

Where do thiazides act?

A

DCT

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6
Q

Where do potassium sparing diuretics act?

A

CD

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7
Q

Where do aldosterone antagonists act?

A

CD

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8
Q

Where do ADH antagonists act?

A

CD

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9
Q

What are examples of osmotic diuretics?

A

Mannitol

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of mannitol?

A

Increases osmolarity of filtrate so water follows

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11
Q

What are the routes of administration for mannitol?

A

IV

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12
Q

What are the indications for mannitol?

A

Cerebral oedema

Raised ICP

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13
Q

What are the side effects of mannitol?

A

Cough
Headache
Vomiting

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14
Q

What are examples of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Acetazolamide
Brinzolamide
Dorzolamide

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15
Q

What are the indications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Glaucoma

Altitude sickness

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16
Q

What are the routes of administration for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

PO

IV

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase
Reduces formation of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions from CO2
Promotes renal excretion of Na, K, HCO3, H2O

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18
Q

What are the side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Acidosis

Renal stones

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19
Q

What are examples of loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide

Bumetanide

20
Q

What are indications for loop diuretics?

A

Oedema
Heart failure
Hypertension

21
Q

What is the mechanism of loop diuretics?

A

Inhibit Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in the loop of Henle

Na remains in tubule and water follows

22
Q

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

A 
Myalgia 
Thirst
Weight loss
Headaches 
Alkalosis
23
Q

What is an example of a thiazide diuretic?

A

Bendroflumethiazide

24
Q

What is an example of a thiazide like diuretic?

A

Indapamide

25
Q

What is the indication for Bendroflumethiazide?

A

Hypertension

26
Q

What is the route of administration for Bendroflumethiazide?

A

Oral

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bendroflumethiazide?

A

Inhibits Na reabsorption in DCT

28
Q

What are side effects of Bendroflumethiazide?

A 
Hypokalaemia 
Increased urea
Impaired glucose tolerance 
Nausea 
Dizziness
29
Q

What is the indication for indapamide?

A

Hypertension

30
Q

What are the routes of administration of indapamide?

A

PO

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of indapamide?

A

Inhibits Na reabsorption in DCT

32
Q

What are the side effects of indapamide?

A 
Hypokalaemia 
Increased urea
Impaired glucose tolerance
Nausea 
Dizziness 
Mild rash
33
Q

What is an example of a potassium sparing diuretic?

A

Amiloride

34
Q

What is the indication for amiloride?

A

Oedema
Hypertension
Heart failure

With low potassium

35
Q

What are the routes of administration for amiloride?

A

Oral

36
Q

What is the mechanism of amiloride?

A

Blocks ENaC at luminal surface of renal tubule

37
Q

What are side effects of amiloride?

A 
Hyperkalaemia 
Constipation 
Dizziness
Dry mouth 
D+V
38
Q

What is an example of an aldosterone antagonist?

A

Spironolactone

39
Q

What are the indications for spironolactone?

A 
Oedema 
Ascites
Hypertension 
Heart failure 
Nephrotic syndrome
40
Q

What is the mechanism of spironolactone?

A

Competes with aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptor

Prevents upregulation of ENaC

41
Q

What are the side effects of spironolactone?

A

Hyperkalaemia
Impotence
Painful gynaecomastia
Refractory hyperaldosteronism

42
Q

What is an example of an ADH antagonist?

A

Tolvaptan

43
Q

What is the route of administration of tolvaptan?

A

Oral

44
Q

What are the indications for tolvaptan?

A

Hyponatraemia

PCKD

45
Q

What is the mechanism of tolvaptan?

A

Blocks AHD at receptor so inhbits aquaporin expression

Reduces free water reabsorption so increases plasma sodium concentration

46
Q

What are the side effects of tolvaptan?

A 
Hypernatraemia 
Deranged liver function 
Dry mouth 
Constipation 
Dehydration

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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