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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotics act on DNA synthesis?

A

Quinolones

Folate acid antagonists

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2
Q

Which antibiotics act on protein synthesis?

A

Aminoglycasides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

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3
Q

Which antibiotics act on cell wall synthesis?

A

Beta-lactams

  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • carbapenems

Glycopeptides

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4
Q

What is an example of a quinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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5
Q

What are the indications for ciprofloxacin?

A 
Superficial bacterial eye infection 
Corneal ulcer
Acute otitis externa 
Diabetic foot infection 
 Acute diverticulitis 
Respiratory tract infection 
UTI
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6
Q

What are the routes of administration of ciprofloxacin?

A

Oral
IV
Eye drops

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of ciprofloxacin?

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

  • interrupts DNA gyrase
  • DNA unable to unwind
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8
Q

What are the side effects of ciprofloxacin?

A 
Loss of appetite
Constipation 
D+V
Prolonged QT 
Headache
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9
Q

What are examples of folic acid antagonists?

A

Trimethoprim

Co-trimoxazole

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10
Q

What are the indications of trimethoprim?

A

Respiratory tract infections
Shigellosis
Acute diverticulitis
UTI

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11
Q

What are the routes of administration of trimethoprim?

A

Oral

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of trimethoprim?

A

Folic acid needed for DNA synthesis

Antagonises folic acid

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13
Q

What are the side effects of trimethoprim?

A 
D+V
Nausea
Electrolyte imbalance
Skin reactions 
Fungal overgrowth
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14
Q

What is co-trimoxazole?

A

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

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15
Q

What is an example of an aminoglycoside?

A

Gentamicin

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16
Q

What are the indications for gentamicin?

A 
Bacterial eye infection 
Otitis externa 
Diabetic foot infection
Gram-positive endocarditis
Septicaemia
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17
Q

What are the routes of administration of gentamicin?

A

IV
IM
Eye drops
Ear drops

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18
Q

When is gentamicin contraindicated?

A

Myasthenia gravis

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of gentamicin?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

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20
Q

What are the side effects of gentamicin?

A

Skin reactions

Tinnitus

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21
Q

What are examples of a macrolide?

A

Clarithromycin

Erythromycin

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22
Q

What are the indications for erythromycin?

A 
Infections with penicillin allergy 
Impetigo 
Cellulitis
CAP
Acute otitis media
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23
Q

What are the routes of administration of erythromycin?

A

Oral

IV

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24
Q

What are the side effects of erythromycin?

A

GI problems
Headache
Hearing impairment
Pancreatitis

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25
Q

What are the indications for clarithromycin?

A 
Mild diabetic foot infection 
Leg ulcer infection 
Cellulitis
Impetigo 
CAP/HAP
Bronchiectasis exacerbation
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26
Q

What are the routes of administration of clarithromycin?

A

Oral

IV

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27
Q

What are the side effects of clarithromycin

A

GI problems
Headache
Hearing impairment
Pancreatitis

28
Q

What is an example of a tetracycline?

A

Doxycycline

29
Q

What are the indications for doxycycline?

A 
Acute sinusitis 
HAP 
Exacerbation of bronchiectasis 
COPD exacerbation 
Cellulitis 
Syphilis
PID
Lyme disease
30
Q

What is the route of administration of doxycycline?

A

Oral

31
Q

What are the side effects of doxycycline?

A 
Angioedema
GI problems 
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Hypersensitivity 
SLE exacerbation
32
Q

What are the types of B-lactams?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

33
Q

What are examples of a penicillin?

A

Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav

34
Q

What are indications for amoxicillin?

A

Bacterial infections

CAP
Acute exacerbations
Acute otitis media
H pylori eradication

35
Q

What are the routes of administration for amoxicillin?

A

Oral
IV
IM

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amoxicillin?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis - bactericidal

37
Q

What are the side effects of amoxicillin?

A 
Allergy 
D+V
Nausea 
Skin reaction 
Thrombocytopenia
38
Q

What are the indications for flucloxacillin?

A

Stapylococci infections
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis

39
Q

What are the routes of administration for flucloxacillin?

A

Oral
IV
IM

40
Q

What is the mechanism of flucloxacillin?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis - bactericidal

41
Q

What are the side effects of

A 
Allergy 
D+V
Nausea 
Skin reaction 
Thrombocytopenia
42
Q

What makes up co-amoxiclav?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

43
Q

What is the mechanism of clavulanic acid?

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

Stops beta-lactam ring in amoxicillin being broken down by bacteria

44
Q

What is an example of a cephalosporin?

A

Ceftriaxone

45
Q

What are the indications for ceftriaxone?

A 
CAP
HAP
Cellulitis
Bacterial meningitis 
Syphilis
46
Q

What are the routes of administration for ceftriaxone?

A

IV

Deep IM

47
Q

What is the mechanism of ceftriaxone?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

48
Q

What are the side effects of ceftriaxone?

A 
Abdo pain 
D+V
Eosinophilia 
Headache 
Thrombocytopenia
49
Q

What is an example of a carbapenem?

A

Meropenem

50
Q

What are the indications for meropenem?

A

Aerobic + anaerobic gram positive + negative infections

51
Q

What is the route of administration for meropenem?

A

IV

52
Q

What is the mechanism of meropenem?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

53
Q

What are the side effects of meropenem?

A 
Abdo pain 
D+V
Headache 
Pain 
Skin reactions
54
Q

What are examples of glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

55
Q

What are the indications for vancomycin?

A

C.diff infection
Skin/soft tissue infections
CAP/HAP

56
Q

What is the route of administration of vancomycin?

A

IV

57
Q

What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

58
Q

What are the side effects of vancomycin?

A 
Neutropenia 
Renal failure 
Fever
Nausea 
Tinnitus
59
Q

What are the indications for teicoplanin?

A

C.diff infection
Gram positive bacteria
Soft tissue infections

60
Q

What are the routes of administration of teicoplanin?

A

IV

Oral

61
Q

What is the mechanism of action of teicoplanin?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

62
Q

What are the side effects of teicoplanin?

A

Fever
Pain
Skin reactions

63
Q

What are indications of metronidazole?

A 
Anaerobic infections 
H.pylori eradication 
Soft tissue infections
Bacterial vaginosis 
Rosacea
64
Q

What are the routes of administration of metronidazole?

A

Oral
IV
Topical

65
Q

What is the mechanism of metronidazole?

A

Prevents growth of bacteria

66
Q

What are the side effects of metronidazole?

A

Dry mouth
Myalgia
Nausea
Skin reactions

67
Q

Which antibiotics need monitoring?

A

Aminoglycosides

Vamcomycin

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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