Antibiotics Flashcards
Which antibiotics act on DNA synthesis?
Quinolones
Folate acid antagonists
Which antibiotics act on protein synthesis?
Aminoglycasides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Which antibiotics act on cell wall synthesis?
Beta-lactams
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
Glycopeptides
What is an example of a quinolone?
Ciprofloxacin
What are the indications for ciprofloxacin?
Superficial bacterial eye infection Corneal ulcer Acute otitis externa Diabetic foot infection Acute diverticulitis Respiratory tract infection UTI
What are the routes of administration of ciprofloxacin?
Oral
IV
Eye drops
What is the mechanism of ciprofloxacin?
Inhibits DNA synthesis
- interrupts DNA gyrase
- DNA unable to unwind
What are the side effects of ciprofloxacin?
Loss of appetite Constipation D+V Prolonged QT Headache
What are examples of folic acid antagonists?
Trimethoprim
Co-trimoxazole
What are the indications of trimethoprim?
Respiratory tract infections
Shigellosis
Acute diverticulitis
UTI
What are the routes of administration of trimethoprim?
Oral
What is the mechanism of trimethoprim?
Folic acid needed for DNA synthesis
Antagonises folic acid
What are the side effects of trimethoprim?
D+V Nausea Electrolyte imbalance Skin reactions Fungal overgrowth
What is co-trimoxazole?
Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
What is an example of an aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
What are the indications for gentamicin?
Bacterial eye infection Otitis externa Diabetic foot infection Gram-positive endocarditis Septicaemia
What are the routes of administration of gentamicin?
IV
IM
Eye drops
Ear drops
When is gentamicin contraindicated?
Myasthenia gravis
What is the mechanism of gentamicin?
Inhibits protein synthesis
What are the side effects of gentamicin?
Skin reactions
Tinnitus
What are examples of a macrolide?
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
What are the indications for erythromycin?
Infections with penicillin allergy Impetigo Cellulitis CAP Acute otitis media
What are the routes of administration of erythromycin?
Oral
IV
What are the side effects of erythromycin?
GI problems
Headache
Hearing impairment
Pancreatitis
What are the indications for clarithromycin?
Mild diabetic foot infection Leg ulcer infection Cellulitis Impetigo CAP/HAP Bronchiectasis exacerbation
What are the routes of administration of clarithromycin?
Oral
IV
What are the side effects of clarithromycin
GI problems
Headache
Hearing impairment
Pancreatitis
What is an example of a tetracycline?
Doxycycline
What are the indications for doxycycline?
Acute sinusitis HAP Exacerbation of bronchiectasis COPD exacerbation Cellulitis Syphilis PID Lyme disease
What is the route of administration of doxycycline?
Oral
What are the side effects of doxycycline?
Angioedema GI problems Henoch-Schonlein purpura Hypersensitivity SLE exacerbation
What are the types of B-lactams?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
What are examples of a penicillin?
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav
What are indications for amoxicillin?
Bacterial infections
CAP
Acute exacerbations
Acute otitis media
H pylori eradication
What are the routes of administration for amoxicillin?
Oral
IV
IM
What is the mechanism of action of amoxicillin?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis - bactericidal
What are the side effects of amoxicillin?
Allergy D+V Nausea Skin reaction Thrombocytopenia
What are the indications for flucloxacillin?
Stapylococci infections
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis
What are the routes of administration for flucloxacillin?
Oral
IV
IM
What is the mechanism of flucloxacillin?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis - bactericidal
What are the side effects of
Allergy D+V Nausea Skin reaction Thrombocytopenia
What makes up co-amoxiclav?
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
What is the mechanism of clavulanic acid?
Beta-lactamase inhibitor
Stops beta-lactam ring in amoxicillin being broken down by bacteria
What is an example of a cephalosporin?
Ceftriaxone
What are the indications for ceftriaxone?
CAP HAP Cellulitis Bacterial meningitis Syphilis
What are the routes of administration for ceftriaxone?
IV
Deep IM
What is the mechanism of ceftriaxone?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
What are the side effects of ceftriaxone?
Abdo pain D+V Eosinophilia Headache Thrombocytopenia
What is an example of a carbapenem?
Meropenem
What are the indications for meropenem?
Aerobic + anaerobic gram positive + negative infections
What is the route of administration for meropenem?
IV
What is the mechanism of meropenem?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
What are the side effects of meropenem?
Abdo pain D+V Headache Pain Skin reactions
What are examples of glycopeptides?
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
What are the indications for vancomycin?
C.diff infection
Skin/soft tissue infections
CAP/HAP
What is the route of administration of vancomycin?
IV
What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
What are the side effects of vancomycin?
Neutropenia Renal failure Fever Nausea Tinnitus
What are the indications for teicoplanin?
C.diff infection
Gram positive bacteria
Soft tissue infections
What are the routes of administration of teicoplanin?
IV
Oral
What is the mechanism of action of teicoplanin?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
What are the side effects of teicoplanin?
Fever
Pain
Skin reactions
What are indications of metronidazole?
Anaerobic infections H.pylori eradication Soft tissue infections Bacterial vaginosis Rosacea
What are the routes of administration of metronidazole?
Oral
IV
Topical
What is the mechanism of metronidazole?
Prevents growth of bacteria
What are the side effects of metronidazole?
Dry mouth
Myalgia
Nausea
Skin reactions
Which antibiotics need monitoring?
Aminoglycosides
Vamcomycin
