Laxatives Flashcards
What are the indications for laxatives?
Constipation
Opioid use
What are the different classes of laxative?
Osmotic laxative
Stiumulant laxative
Bulk forming laxative
Stool softener
What are the commonly used osmostic laxative?
Lactulose
Macrogol
How do osmotic laxatives work?
Taken in with water - retain the water they are taken in with and soften stool
Side effects of osmotic laxatives
Bloating
Flatulence
N+V
What are the commonly used stimulant laxatives?
Docusate sodium
Senna
Sodium picosulphate
How do stimulant laxatives work?
Enhance gut motility - increases smooth muscle contraction
Increase water/electrolyte transfer in gut - softens stool
Side effects of stimulant laxatives
Abdo cramps
Diarrhoea
Senna - red/brown urine
What are the commonly used bulk forming laxatives?
Ispaghula husk
Methylcellulose
How do bulk forming laxatives work?
Increase faecal bulk - stimulates peristalis + causes gut water retention
Side effects of bulk forming laxatives
Abdominal distension
What are the commonly used stool softeners?
Arachis oil
Glycerol suppository
Given per rectum
How do stool softeners work?
Lubrication + breakdown of stool
Side effects of stool softeners
Arachis oil - peanut allergy
Diarrhoea
Rectal irritation
Contraindications to laxatives
Intestinal obstruction
Bowel perforation
Hypokalaemia
