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Pharmacology > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Which tumours have high sensitivity to chemo?

A 
Lymphomas
Germ cell tumours
SCLC
Neuroblastoma 
Wilm's tumour
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2
Q

Which tumours have a modest sensitivity to chemo?

A 
Breast
Colorectal 
Bladder
Ovary 
Cervix
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3
Q

Which tumours have a low sensitivity to chemo?

A

Prostate
Renal cell
Brain
Endometrial

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4
Q

What are the main classes of chemotherapy agents?

A

Antimetabolites
Alkylating agents
Intercalating agents
Spindle poisons

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5
Q

Which part of the cell cycle do antimetabolites act at?

A

Act on DNA synthesis

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6
Q

What part of the the cell cycle to alkylating agents act on?

A

DNA replication

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7
Q

What part of the cell cycle do intercalating agents act on?

A

DNA transcription

DNA duplication

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8
Q

What part of the cell cycle do spindle poisons act on?

A

Miosis

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9
Q

What is an example of an alkylating agent?

A

Cisplatin

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10
Q

What is cisplatin derived from?

A

Platinum

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11
Q

What is the route of administration of cisplatin?

A

IV

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of cisplatin?

A

Forms a ligand between DNA strands

Causes a single strand break so replication is impaired

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13
Q

What are the side effects of cisplatin?

A 
Anaemia
Bone marrow failure
Fever
Leucopenia 
Nephrotoxicity
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14
Q

What are examples of antibmetabolites?

A

Methotrexate

5-fluorouracil

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15
Q

What are indications for methotrexate?

A

RA
Cancer
Psoriasis
IBD

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16
Q

What are the routes of administration of methotrexate?

A

PO
IM
IV

17
Q

What is the mechanism of methotrexate?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Reduces the synthesis of purines/pyrimidines

Prevent DNA synthesis

18
Q

What are the side effects of methotrexate?

A 
Fever
Headache 
Nausea
Vomiting 
Mucositis 
Bone marrow suppression
19
Q

What are the indications for 5-fluorouracil?

A

Solid GI tumour

(pre)malignant skin lesions

20
Q

What are the routes of administration for 5-fluorouracil?

A

IV
IM

Skin cream

21
Q

What is the mechanism of 5-fluorouracil?

A

Inhibit thymidylate synthase

Reduce synthesis of purines/pyrimidines

Prevents DNA synthesis

22
Q

What are the main types of spindle poison?

A

Vinca alkaloids

Taxanes

23
Q

What is an example of a vinca alkaloid?

A

Vincristine

24
Q

What is the mechanism of vinca alkaloids?

A

Inhibit assemble of microtubules - prevent spinle formation

Cells cannot divide

25
Q

What are side effects of vinca alkaloids?

A

Nausea
Abdominal cramps
V+D

26
Q

What is an example of a taxane?

A

Paclitaxel

27
Q

What is the mechanism of taxanes?

A

Microtubule depolymerisation inhibitor - cells are too rigid so cannot divide

28
Q

What are the side effects of taxanes?

A 
Alopecia 
Depression 
Bone marrow disorder
Insomnia 
Weight changes

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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