Sept 9 Flashcards

Question

the canadian census uses these two questions to...

Answer 1

group people into 3 categories 1. white 2. indigenous 3. visible minority

Answer 2

11 options 1. white 2. south asian (eg east indian, pakistani, sri lankan etc) 3. chinese 4. black 5. filipino 6. latin american 7. arab 8. southeast asian (eg vietnamese, cambodian, laotian, thai etc) 9. west asian (eg iranian, afghan etc) 10. korean 11. japanese 12. other ^confusing and seemingly arbitrary categories (also, no countries on the African continent are listed) also has follow up question: select all that apply: First Nations, Metis and/or Inuk

Answer 3

you are indigenous this erases Black-Indigenous identity

Answer 4

stats on HEALTH, EMPLOYMENT, WELLBEING, EDUCATION etc often reported based on those 3 groups COLLAPSES across MINORITIZED GROUPS with wildly diff experiences

Answer 5

accessible but you CAN'T DISAGGREGATE DATA by RACIAL GROUP you need clearance to access specialized data centre

Answer 6

they are generally not compared to White people

Answer 7

"such INDOLENCE facilitates the process of minority status identification for public and private institutions, such as gathering statistics, health policy, judiciary systems, policing systems (ie. racial profiling/carding), and the MAINTAINING OR DENYING OF SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES"

Answer 8

they affect almost everything Whites do - friends they have - schools they attend - churches they patron - jobs they hold - leisure activities they enjoy - seat they choose on train/bus ^all these things reinforce SR

Answer 9

the racialization of the housing market 1. Whites' homes, net of quality, are valued HIGHER than those of POC - this helps preserve the RACIAL WELATH GAP 2. SCHOOLS are connected to neighbourhoods too, and thus the more Whites segregate themselves residentially, the higher the level of SCHOOL SEGREGATION 3. Segregation in neighbourhoods, schools, friend networks and churches shape profoundly WHITES' VIEWS and EMOTIONS on race matters 4. White's RACIAL ISOLATION SHAPES their LIVES from birth to death

Answer 10

demographic INTEGRATION of neighbourhoods, schools, friendship networks, jobs MUST be accompanied by HOLISTIC EFFORT TO UNDO THE RACIAL STRUCTURE of society increasing racial diversity in organizations without attending to RACIAL POWER DYNAMICS in structure and culture leads to RACIAL COHABITATION rather than true integration

Answer 11

increasing racial diversity in organizations without attending to racial power dynamics in structure and culture

Answer 12

efforts will be stunted by the effects of other parts of the system "addressing systemic racism is like playing Whack-a-mole except that to win the game the player should try to simultaneously seal all the holes from which the model can come through"

Answer 13

SES logic is that: - minority people tend to be lower SES - low SES is associated with poor outcomes - therefore, minority people show poor outcomes because they're generally lower SES plenty of work shows positive associations between SES and health programs that reduce poverty generally have positive impacts on youth's health downstream

Answer 14

Cohen et al 2018 data on nationally representative US sample of 5000+ individuals aged 14-41 28% black, 19% latinx participants were kids of women originally enrolled in 1979 longitudinal study of youth asked about ACUTE and CHRONIC discrimination (no attribution to race or other identity status) acute: very recent chronic: everyday type

Answer 15

1. black and latinx people overall report more discrimination than white people 2. upwardly economically mobile black people face MORE ACUTE DISCRIMINATION than black people whose SES stays stable across time 3. opposite pattern for latinx and white people 4. upwardly mobile latinx people face MORE CHRONIC DISCRIMINATION than latinx people with stable SES across time

Answer 16

as black and latinx people move up the ladder, they face MORE DISCRIMINATION for black people, comes in the form of acute discrimination (very recent) for latinx people, comes in the form of chronic discrimination (everyday)

Answer 17

upwardly mobile black and latinx people have between 17-23% and 28-29% higher risk of having POOR SELF-REPORTED HEALTH relative to white people when you account for exposure to acute discrimination, gap shrinks by 58% for black people and 6% for latinx people similar pattern for chronic discrimination

Answer 18

1. racial disparities in self-reported health are apparent even among people who have been upwardly socially mobile 2. disparities partially to fully accounted for by discrimination depending on type (acute vs chronic) and population (black or latinx) 3. difference in exposure to discrimination by race

Answer 19

yes, but not fully income inequality doesn't fully account for racial disparities in outcomes 1. DIFFERENTIAL EXPOSURES (minorities are more exposed to disc) may drive continued disparities 2. DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS may do the same

Answer 20

black people don't benefit as much from: 1. REDUCTION OF RISK FACTORS 2. INTRODUCTION OF PROMOTIVE FACTORS compared to white people

Answer 21

the introduction of protective factors the introduction of negative factors (minority groups are less affected by negative things because they're used to them)

Answer 22

all tie into STRUCTURAL INEQUALITIES 1. labour market preferences and practices 2. discrimination 3. cumulative disparities due to initial disadvantage 4. cost of upward social mobility

Answer 23

cause 1 for diminished returns for black vs white people racial disparities in employment - racialized people in Canada have higher participation in labour force AND higher unemployment - 13.4% of black people in MTL with grad degrees are unemployed (equal to unemployment rate for non-Black people who didn't finish secondary school/high school) - racial biases in hiring practices

Answer 24

cause 2 for diminished returns for black vs white people HAVES are better able to capitalize on resources than have-nots initial advantage SNOWBALLS and leads to GREATER CUMULATIVE ADVANTAGE racial wealth gap starts people on an uneven playing field - capitol gains disparity between racialized and non-racialized groups

Answer 25

cause 3 for diminished returns for black vs white people

Answer 26

people with "Asian-sounding names" are 20-40% less likely to get a callback when applying

Answer 27

capitol gains for racialized people: 8.3% capitol gains for non-racialized people: 11.9% investment income for racialized people: 25.1% investment income for non-racialized people: 30.8%

Answer 28

1. striving 2. competing demands 3. lack of belonging 4. mismatch of low-SES traits in high-SES environments

Answer 29

very high effort coping moving up ladder is so hard that you cope in a very high effort style called striving harmful for physiological health (increased cellular ageing, increase cardiovascular disease risk) a health consequence of upward social mobility

Answer 30

"do I fit in?" differences in social capitol higher SES groups tend to be less racially, ethnically and culturally diverse higher up the ladder = more likely to feel like an outsider in this community a health consequence of upward social mobility

Answer 31

what got you up the ladder may not be helpful once you're at the top things you to do build wealth are different than things you do to maintain wealth a health consequence of upward social mobility

Answer 32

ie. have to balance school and job and family a health consequence of upward social mobility

Answer 33

1. racism, sexism, heterosexism, and homophobia are embedded in unequal systems 2. these unequal systems lead to wide array of inequalities impacting one's educational chances, employment, access to healthcare, and financial opportunities 3. reducing SES-disparities is helpful, but differences in exposure to discrimination and diminishing returns reduce efficacy of pure reduction in income inequality 4. all these things have health implications 5. structural inequalities lead to and perpetuate interpersonal discrimination