Oct 28 Reading

Question 1

discrimination and ethnic identity: establishing directionality among Latino/a youth

Answer 1

directionality of associations between ETHNIC IDENTITY and DISCRIMINATION are unclear

study examined DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP between ethnic identity and discrimination

and their EFFECTS on PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING

Question 2

study design

Answer 2

cross-lagged model

3 waves of data

1613 Latinx adolescents

Question 3

results support…

Answer 3

BIDIRECTIONAL association between ethnic identity and discrimination

Question 4

specific results

Answer 4

1. adolescents who reported higher levels of PERCEIVED DISC at Y1 reported higher IDENTITY EXPLORATION at Y2
2. more discrimination experiences also associated with:

a) more ALCOHOL and CIGARETTE USE
b) more DEPRESSIVE symptoms

3. ethnic identity BELONGING was indirectly associated with increased SUBSTANCE USE and DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

^via elevated DISCRIMINATION experiences

Question 5

adolescents who reported higher levels of perceived disc at Y1…

Answer 5

reported higher IDENTITY EXPLORATION at Y2

Question 6

more discrimination experiences also associated with…

Answer 6

1. more alcohol and cigarette use
2. more depressive symptoms

Question 7

rejection-identification hypothesis argues…

Answer 7

discrimination experiences drives ethnic identity formation

as youth experience ethnic discrimination, they become MORE AWARE of their marginalized group membership

this SALIENCE drives identity formation

Question 8

identification-attribution model argues…

Answer 8

as individuals develop an ethnic identity…

they are MORE AWARE of stigma against their ethnic group

better able to ATTRIBUTE negative social experiences to ethnic discrimination

Question 9

although ethnic identity processes may positive predict youth adjustment directly…

Answer 9

it may INDIRECTLY put youth at risk by making them MORE AWARE of DISCRIMINATORY EXPERIENCES

(identification-attribution model)

Question 10

study measures

Answer 10

1. ethnic identity (MEIM)
2. perceived ethnic discrimination
3. substance use
4. depressive symptoms

Question 11

results general

Answer 11

1. unidirectional relationship between ethnic identity exploration and belonging

a) ethnic identity belonging at Y1 positively predicted exploration at Y2

2. support for both rejection-identification hypothesis (disc at Y1 predicted ethnic identity exploration at Y2) AND for identification-attribution hypothesis (ethnic identity belonging at Y1 predicted disc at Y2)

Question 12

effects of generation status on results?

Answer 12

none were found

findings were consistent across generation status

Question 13

results indicate that ethnic identity belonging places youth at risk for…

Answer 13

substance use

depressive symptoms

vis-a-vis its effects on discrimination

Question 14

was discrimination found to predict greater ethnic identity belonging in this study?

Answer 14

no

discrimination in fact resulted in lower ethnic resolution and affirmation

suggests disc harms positive sense of self, and reconsideration of the meaning of their ethnic identity