Oct 21 Flashcards
what falls under the umbrella of resilience factors?
- ethnic-racial identity
- ethnic-racial socialization
- cultural values
- critical consciousness
- coping
promotive factors
variables associated with POSITIVE OUTCOMES across ALL LEVELS of risk
“main effect”
protective factors
variables that DISRUPT the impact of a risk factor
ie. when risk factor is high, protective factor leads to better outcomes
involves INTERACTIONS/MODERATIONS
example of a main effect promotive factor
social support leads to less depression
MAIN EFFECT
example of a main effect vulnerability factor
discrimination leads to more depression
MAIN EFFECT
example of an interaction/moderation factor
ie. protective factor
discrimination is weakly related to depression when social support is high
neblett et al Culturally Informed Promotive and Protective Factors
PROTECTIVE/PROMOTIVE FACTORS
1. ethnic and racial identity (ERI)
2. cultural orientation
3. ethnic racial socialization (ERS)
^these all affect one another
BIDIRECTIONAL EFFECTS WITH:
1. self-concept
2. attributions/cognitive appraisals
3. coping strategies
UNIDIRECTIONAL EFFECTS WITH:
1. relationship between racial ethnic discrimination and adjustment
neblett et al - promotive/protective factors can directly…
influence:
1. racial and ethnic discrimination
2 .adjustment
and also influence:
1. self-concept
2. attributions/cognitive appraisals
3. coping strategies
neblett et al: racial and ethnic disc leads to…
worse adjustment (ie. sleep, drug use, physical & mental health)
moderated by mainstream factors:
- self concept
- attributions/cognitive appraisals
- coping strategies
neblett et al: bidirectional relationships
- between promotive/protective factors AND
a) racial-ethnic disc
b) adjustment - between promotive/protective factors and MAINSTREAM FACTORS
a) self concept
b) attributions/cognitive appraisals
c) coping strategies
neblett et al - the 3 factors that influence how much racial discrimination you face
- ethnic and racial identity
- cultural orientation
- ethnic-racial socialization
ie. if you’re heavily involved in race activist (ERI), maybe you’re more exposed to discrimination
ie. if you’re highly identified with your race, maybe microaggresions hurt you more
neblett et al: self-concept, attributions/cognitive appraisals and coping strategies moderate…
relationship between RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION and ADJUSTMENT
neblett et al - mainstream factors
- self-concept
- attributions/cognitive appraisals
- coping strategies
these moderate relationship between RACIAL ETHNIC DISC and ADJUSTMENT
the updated neblett et al model…
thinks about an EXPANDED group of RESILIENCE FACTORS
composed of 4 levels
neblett et al - level 1
- ERI (ethnic racial identity)
- ERS (ethnic racial socialization)
- religiosity/spirituality
- family/parenting
these:
a) are MEDIATED BY level 2 & 3
b) DIRECTLY INFLUENCE racism and mental health
neblett et al - level 2
lots of them - they mediate influence between LEVEL 1 and LEVEL 3 & 4
coping
critical consciousness
civic engagement
black cultural behaviours
future time orientation
neblett et al - level 3
mediated by level 2 factors and influence level 4 (racism and mental health)
- REJECT negative self-messages and stereotypes
- DETACH from, reframe and reevaluate racism
- make nonpersonal attributions
- reduce distress
neblett et al - level 4
racism exposure
mental health
(racism exposure relates to mental health)
neblett et al updated - what are the big, most important factors that influence a) racism exposure and b) mental health?
level 1 components
- ERI
- ERS
- religiosity/spirituality
- family/parenting
what future directions does neblett identify?
- more representative, mixed & multi-method and longitudinal studies
- move past psychological symptoms > psychopathology and diagnosis
- more attention to sociopolitical context
- multiple stressors (ie. study racism in context of poverty)
- intersectionality
- multiple systems and levels of oppression (different isms, structural & cultural levels)
- more investigation of mediators - both listed and otherwise
what other model that we’ve examined before looks at resilience factors?
Cynthia Garcia Croll’s Integrative Model
- promoting/inhibiting environments
(schools, neighbourhoods etc.) - adaptive culture
(traditions, cultural legacies, histories, migration, acculturation, current context) - child characteristics
(temperament, physical characteristics) - family
(structure & roles, fam values, beliefs, goals, racial socialization, socio-economic status)
PVEST stands for…
phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory
INTERSECTING SYSTEMS that impact people and focus on how people MAKE SENSE and MEANING out of those experiences
approach taken by PVEST
phenomenological: how individual PERCEIVES and MAKES SENSE of an experience
adding in personal meaning making
we’re all enveloped in our own unique microsystems - parents, teachers, schools, work, neighbours, cities, cultural background, geo location, chrono-system ie. covid times
PVEST’s 5 factors
5 factors which are all related to each other bidirectionally and which all influence life stage outcomes (health, relationships etc)
- risk contributions
- stress engagement
- reactive coping methods
- stable coping: responses, emergent identities
- lifestage outcomes: coping products