Dec 2 Lecture Flashcards
EMBRACE program - what does it stand for?
Embrace
ENGAGING
MOTIVATING
BONDING
through race
video intro to EMBRACE intervention
it’s a racial socialization intervention to reduce stress and enhance coping in BLACK FAMILIES
engages in the 4 types of ERS
in RECAST theory model, racial socialization acts as moderator between discrimination and negative outcomes
boosts self-efficacy of parents when socializing their kids
therapist-led intervention for parents and kids, together
5 sessions, strengths-based
EMBRACE address the ________ elephant….
racial elephant in the room
addressing this makes it less shocking and insurmountable
intervention builds confidence and provides tools to address it
EMBRACE family testimonials
helped with discussing classroom and law enforcement disc
general parent-child communication benefitted
boosted talking about heritage
helpful for parent-child relationship and understanding of one another
dedicated time and place to talk about strictly racial topics
parents learning to listen to child instead of being in constant “parent-mode”
EMBRACE program based on RECAST model
- parents high ERS competency will help IMPROVE…
- CHILD’S coping self-efficacy which will improve…
- their ability to COPE with racism
and therefore PROMOTE POSITIVE YOUTH OUTCOMES
(so essentially, boost parental ERS and this will improve child coping and outcomes)
EMBRACE structure
1 child, 1 parent with the therapist
individual and joint therapist RUN the whole thing
pre-test and post-test meetings
5 actual sessions (90 mins each)
EMBRACE: first 4 sessions focused on…
different main ERS messages
(cultural socialization, prep for bias, promotion of mistrust, egalitarian messages)
focus on INCREASING COMPETENCY through knowledge about racial encounters and in-vivo practice situations between parents and children
long term outcomes that RECAST model and EMBRACE hope to affect
improved academic achievement
reduced internalizing/externalizing problems
reduced physiological arousal
increased familial communication
increased awareness and management of racial stressors
what does pilot test say about EMBRACE? CLINICIAN FEEDBACK
good things!
thought it was empowering, appropriate timing, will be helpful to families in the future, was interesting, helpful, explored important topics, easy to deliver, good format…
what does pilot test say about EMBRACE? PARENT and YOUTH FEEDBACK
both YOUTH and PARENTS, in terms of COPING…
had better:
- CALCULATION of stressor
- idea of LOCATION of stressor
- COMMUNICATION about stressor
- RELAXATION in response to stressor
compared to before the intervention
EMBRACE pilot population
10 Black families
10 parents and 10 youth between 10-14 years old
AMBRACE youth and parents had better what after the intervention?
calculation, location, communication and relaxation in response to stressor
EMBRACE summary
- interesting ERS competency-focused intervention targeted towards Black families
- initial PROMISING results from PILOT testing
- NO LARGE SCALE trials yet
^ Dr Riana Anderson = currently focusing on mobile health intervention - creating smartphone app that helps improve coping with discriminatory encounters in youth
EMBARK stands for…
Empowering Behaviours to Address Race with Kids
EMBARK is an…
ERS intervention for White families
targeted at 5-7 year old White kids (younger than Identity Project/EMBRACE)
helps White parents address RACE & RACIAL BIAS in/with their kids
EMBARK content
TRAINING VIDEOS for parents and STORYBOOKS for them to read with their kids, as well as POST-STORY ACTIVITIES
provides opportunities to ADDRESS RACIAL BIASES IN EVERYDAY LIFE - via reading storybooks
EMBARK: parents’ reactions
generally parents liked it
became more SELF-EFFICACIOUS (COMPETENT) around addressing their children’s racial biases
idea behind EMBARK
if we can disrupt formation of damaging racial/bias SCHEMAS in kids
will raise more ANTI-RACIST white kids
really TARGETS PARENTS and their methods of raising their children
one talk at a time tagline
“providing support for Black, Asian and Latino/a/x middle school youth and their families to have valuable conversations about difficult topics”
what is OTAAT? your reading
VIDEO BASED intervention meant to PROMOTE PARENTS to give BALANCED amount of cultural socialization and PREP FOR BIAS messages
PARENT FOCUSED INTERVENTION
OTAAT content
eleven 3-5 min VIDEOS for parents to watch
ACTIVITIES in between (some for parent only, others for children too)
OTAAT builds off of…but…
interventions like EMBRACE and other ERS-focused interventions for Black families
but targets WIDER DEMOGRAPHIC of Black, Latinx, and Asian families
(White adaptation just started by independent team)
OTAAT really targets…
increasing prep for bias messages
because parents are typically already comfortable giving cultural socialization messages, but prep for bias not so much
structure of OTAAT
- GOAL SETTING and ESTABLISHING MOTIVATION
- DIDATICS
- SOCIAL MODELLING AND REFLECTION
OTAAT - goal setting and establishing motivation
OTAAT introduction
identifying barriers
reflecting on past experiences
setting learning goals
rating readiness
OTAAT - didatics
ready, set, talk
setting time for conversations
identifying key messages
identifying key aspects of kids’ lived experiences that shapes convos
goals for convos, selecting convo starter questions
selecting strategies to discuss with youth for dealing with disc
OTAAT - social modelling and reflection
recordings of real convos with families
to serve as examples (vicarious learning)
re-rating readiness
setting targets for convos
selecting strategies for increasing confidence
selecting topics
OTAAT: instead of explicitly…
telling parents WHAT to say
it helps parents IMPROVE COMPETENCY and CONSIDER GOALS/TYPES of MESSAGES they relay
based on the CONTEXT and their CHILD
highlights importance of talking about COPING too, not just awarenesss of disc
OTAAT was developed from…
review and synthesis of ERS literature
and
FOCUS GROUPS with 63 Black, Latinx, Asian American families
with late elementary/middle school kids
(bottom-up intervention)
OTAAT initial pilot study SETUP
15 parents
5 Black, 5 Asian, 5 Latinx
80% of parents were already having CULTURAL SOCIALIZATION discussions with kids
but only 60% were engaging in PREP 4 BIAS
93% wanted to LEARN about prep 4 bias
OTAAT - initial pilot - biggest barrier to parents giving prep 4 bias messages…
- not wanting child to DISLIKE OUTGROUP members
- not wanting to UPSET child
OTAAT - initial pilot findings
- intervention led to MODERATE INCREASES IN READINESS for cultural socialization conversations
- LARGE INCREASE in perceived EFFICACY for PREP 4 BIAS conversations
^ no diff across racial/ethnic groups
qualitative findings from pilot OTAAT
- parents reported INCREASED ERS AWARENESS and OPPORTUNITIES
- greater ERS MOTIVATION
- improvements in child-parent COMMUNICATION
summary of OTAAT
- another intervention - this time just PARENT-FOCUSED
- aimed to INCREASE COMPETENCY and CONVERSATIONS around prep for bias and cultural socialization
- also in early stages, RCT recruitment currently underway
- promising initial pilot results - also INCLUSIVE of MORE GROUPS than interventions like EMBRACE
overall summary of these ERI and ERS focused interventions
- all in EARLY STAGES - Identity Project is furthest along and has most wide adoption
- all seem to be leading to POSITIVE OUTCOMES from available data
- intervening on ERS and ERI are gateways to INCREASING CULTURAL RESILIENCE factors, COPING abilities, promoting positive OUTCOMES
- NOT REPLACEMENTS for evidence-based psychological treatment, but USEFUL as prevention and health promotion before severe problems arise
ERS and ERI focused interventions - future directions
- how can these interventions be DELIVERED EFFECTIVELY and on a LARGE SCALE?
- what are the KEY INGREDIENTS in interventions leading to the most change?
- can they be INCLUSIVE of GREATER number of GROUPS (Indigenous, Multiracial, other groups less common in NA/European contexts?)
end of semester takeaways
- discrimination is BAD for all forms of health and wellbeing
- discrimination is COMMON
- discrimination is embedded in SYSTEMS (are we complicit with these systems or working actively against them and towards equity?)
- RESILIENCE is the NORM, not the exception to the norm
(many aspects of cultural background, history, values, identity contribute to resilience) - RESISTANCE is KEY in marginalized communities as ways of HEALING and making more EQUITABLE society
- understanding CULTURAL STRENGTHS helps us understand and intervene to further increase resilience and resistance
- RESEARCH is one important tool to improve wellbeing and unequal social conditions
- research already being done by people of all ages, backgrounds, identity groups etc
- so much of this work is NEW - field is in its INFANCY (lots of future opportunities)
