Sept 16 Flashcards
meta-analysis
they answer questions unaddressed by other experiments
- “study of studies” - used to extract data and pull info from many studies to get an average effect
- AGGREGATE all the data and determine the actual EFFECT SIZE of the intervention
- more GENERALIZABLE INFO is obtained
- used to evaluate MODERATOR VARIABLES ie. demographic variables
Schmitt et al 2014 - 2 meta-analyses background
- N=144,000, correlational data (survey-based)
- N=2,600, experimental studies manipulating discrimination
focus on study-level moderators
Schmitt et al 2014 - 2 meta-analyses general findings meta analysis 1
- discrimination negatively associated with wellbeing (r = -.23 from 328 studies)
- cross-sectional effects are stronger than longitudinal effects (stronger effects of disc in short term)
- effects stronger for disadvantaged groups & mixed versus advantaged groups
- racism and sexism equally strongly associated with wellbeing (may not be the strongest, but are equally potent)
- disc more harmful for children than adults
Schmitt et al meta-analysis 1 found that disc is associated with wellbeing at…
r = -.23
negatively
Schmitt et al meta-analysis 1 found that cross-sectional or longitudinal effects were stronger?
cross sectional
meaning discrimination negatively impacts wellbeing more in the immediate
Schmitt et al meta-analysis 1 found that what two things were equally associated with wellbeing?
racism and sexism
Schmitt et al meta-analysis 1 found that discrimination is more harmful for…
children than adults
Schmitt et al meta-analysis 2 general findings
no overall effect of experimental studies
experimental manipulations didn’t do much
but depending on diff factors, did find effects in certain conditions
they were SIGNIFICANT MODERATORS (ie. interactions)
Schmitt et al meta-analysis 2 - significant study moderators
manipulations that alluded to PERVASIVENESS of disc had strong neg effects
d = 0.25, k = 23
discrimination attributed to a single event had no effect
Schmitt et al meta-analysis 2 found that pervasiveness moderates…
the relationship between experimental discrimination and wellbeing
Benner et al (2018) setup
n = 91 000 across 214 studies
meta-analysis
self report scales
focusing on adolescents
looked at disc and a bunch of specific mental health factors
Benner et al (2018) well-being indicators
2 strongest ones:
- depression
- internalizing symptoms
others:
- positive wellbeing
- self-esteem
- externalizing behaviours
- risky sex behaviours
- substance use
- deviant peer affiliations
Benner et al (2018) - impacts of disc on health outcomes were stronger the…
younger the Ps were
age serves as a risk factor/moderator that increases harm of disc
Benner et al (2018) - did it matter what source the disc was coming from?
ie. peers, teachers, random people at the mall?
no
found no evidence that the type of perpetrator moderated the intensity of impact
de Lange et al - discrimination against LGBTQ people setup
minority stress’ connection to suicidal ideation and attempts
sample: LGBTW young adults (12-25 years old)
44 studies, meta-analysis
weird conceptualization in this study:
- LGBT bias-based victimization
- discrimination
de Lange study: distinction between LGBT bias-based victimization and discrimination
LGBT bias-based victimization:
- more MAJOR events
- exposure to violence
- physical/verbal harassment
- abuse
…due to LGBT identity
discrimination:
- more DAILY events
- treated unfairly at home
- school
- workplace
…because of LGBT experiences
de Lange et al - discrimination against LGBTQ people findings
44 studies across all outcomes
- LGBT bias-based victimization (major events) related to greater SUICIDAL IDEATION & ATTEMPTS
- discrimination (more daily events) NOT RELATED to ideation (k = 3) - too few studies for attempts
- general victimization (not related to SGM identity) related to more ideation (k = 9) and more attempts (k = 6)
de Lange et al - discrimination against LGBTQ people - diff forms of LGBT disc…
present different levels of risk for suicidal ideation and attempts
more major disc (bias-based victimization) related to greater suicidal ideation
Mason et al - Eating Pathology meta-analysis setup
55 studies looking at relations between DISC and EATING DISORDERS
Mason et al - Eating Pathology meta-analysis findings
disc associated with greater combined eating disorder pathology
- general disc (attribution-free): r = 0.26
- racial disc: r = 0.18
- gender disc: r = 0.19
- weigh disc: r = 0.34
^ strongest effect
Mason et al - Eating Pathology meta-analysis - strongest effect found between…
weight discrimination and eating disorder pathology
r = 0.34
shows that the type of disc you experience moderates the impacts of experiences on health
discrimination and substance use
- gay-related victimization and general victimization associated with substance use in LGB youth
- racial disc relates to more substance use among racially minoritized Americans
- teacher based racial disc associated with substance use among racially minoritized Americans
teacher based racial disc associated with substance use among youth - effect is stronger for…
- younger kids
- black youth
compared to Latinx or Indigenous youth
meta-analysis of teacher-based racial-ethnic disc
includes:
- wellbeing
- substance use
- academic outcomes
- teacher based disc overall related to worse academic outcomes (r = -0.16, k = 138)
- effects stronger in schools with FEWER racially minoritized students
