sensation and perception pt 2 Flashcards
amplitude in hearing
Loudness
frequency and hearing
Pitch
Pinna
Outer ear
Middle ear
concentrates vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window
What vibrates in the middle ear?
The hammer anvil and stirrup
Basiliar membrane
outside of cochlea
cochlea
Snail like tube in the inner ear, where sound waves trigger nerve impulses
Inner ear
 Innermost, part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular, canals, and vestibular sacs
sensorineural hearing loss
Damage to the cochlea hair cell receptors, or their associated nerves
conduction hearing loss
Damage to mechanical system that conduct sound waves to the cochlea
cochlear implant
Translate sounds into electrical signals that are sent from the cochlea by auditory nerve to the brain
how does the brain perceive loud and soft noises?
From the number of active hair cells
place theory
Links pitch we here with the place where the cochlear membrane is stimulated
– Front of cochlea = high-pitched
Dash Siri works less with low pitch
frequency theory
The brain reads pitch by monitoring the frequency of neural impulses
Dash lower pitches = lower frequency
Gate control theory
Spinal cord can block pain cells by stimulating large muscles fibers
vestibular sacks
Contains fluid and helps with balance, and where our body parts are
What happens when we feel motion sick
Fluids in the vestibular socks don’t match with how the brain thinks it’s moving
vestibular sense
Awareness of balance
Kinesthesis
Awareness of your body is in space
social localization
Knowing the location of a sound
Methods of finding where is sound is coming from
sound his one year faster
Sound in one ear has higher intensity in the other
Sensory interaction
One cents, influencing another
EX. Bah and fah
Embodied cognition
Processing or bodily sensations connect with a brain circuits responsible for cognition
Synesthesia
One sensation (hearing/sight) produces another(like seeing a color)
acoustical transduction
How we hear
Olfaction
Smell
elements of touch
– Warm
– Cold
– Pressure
– Pain
what makes hot?
Warm + cold
Where are taste receptors in the mouth?
Top sides and tongue
Do men or women smell better
Women
how many different smells are there?
10,000
Number of receptor sites in the nose
5 million
Methods of pain control
Massage, acupuncture, ice bath
Elements of taste
– Sweet
– Sour
– Umami
– Salty
– bitter
