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research Flashcards

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1
Q

Critical thinking

A

smart thinking

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2
Q

Operational definitions

A

carefully worded statements of exact procedures in a study

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3
Q

Case study

A

examining an individual or group in depth in hope of revealing things true of all of us

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4
Q

Naturalistic observations

A

observing or recording behavior in a naturally occurring environment

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5
Q

Survey

A

looks at many cases in less depth

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6
Q

Sampling bias

A

a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

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7
Q

Correlate

A

when two variables change together

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8
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

measures in mathematical terms how much two things are correlated (between -1 and 1)

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9
Q

Experiment

A

You can control the variables, so you know what causes what

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10
Q

Random sample

A

picking people randomly to get a more accurate survey

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11
Q

Confounding variable

A

when there is a variable in an experiment that relates to the cause and effect

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12
Q

Hindsight bias

A

saying things like “I knew it was gonna turn out like that” or “I should’ve known that answer was wrong”

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13
Q

Control group

A

don’t relieve treatment

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14
Q

Experimental group

A

receives treatment

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15
Q

Double-blind procedure

A

no one knows how the experiment is happening

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16
Q

Single-blind

A

the person experimenting knows what is going on

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17
Q

Positive correlation

A

both go up, or both go down

18
Q

Negative correlation

A

as one goes up, the other goes down

19
Q

Randomly assign

A

randomly assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance

20
Q

Placebo effect

A

results caused by expactations alone

21
Q

Confounding variable

A

a factor that can produce an effect in an experiment

22
Q

Validity

A

the extent to which an experiment predicts what it is supposed to

23
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

numerical data used to measure and describe the characteristics of a group

24
Q

Histogram

A

a bar graph showing the frequency distribution

25
Q

Mode

A

most frequent value

26
Q

Mean

A

the average

27
Q

Median

A

middle number

28
Q

Skewed distribution

A

scores that lack symmetry around the average

29
Q

Range

A

the gap between the lowest and highest scores

30
Q

Standard deviation

A

the measure of how much scores vary around the mean

31
Q

Normal curve

A

the curve on the bell curve

32
Q

Inferential statistics

A

numerical data that allows us to generalize

33
Q

Statistical significance

A

When sample averages are reliable and there is a relatively large difference between them

34
Q

Outliers

A

Something that skews that data
Ex. everyone gets a bad grade but one person gets a 100

35
Q

Standard deviation

A

How much the scores vary from the mean

36
Q

Reliability

A

Consistent results
If it is reliable ⅔ of results should be similar

37
Q

Longitudinal study

A

When you retest the same people over a long period of time
Disadvantage- long time

38
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

Testing different groups at the same time
Disadvantage- not the same ppl, so the results may not be super accurate

39
Q

False consensus effect

A

When you make a statement about what you believe and think everyone else believes
Ex. Biden is a bad president

40
Q

Heritability

A

The percent difference between things that can be explain through genetics or nature vs nurture

41
Q

Alucerary correlation

A

Superstitious- doing something
Ex. wear one sock inside out because you played great when you did it now u have to do it every game

42
Q

Vivid cases

A

Think of one extreme example of something when it may not be true for all
Scared of flying because of plane crashes

Psych (20 decks)

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