sensation and perception pt 1 Flashcards
Sensation
Touch, taste, vision hearing and smell
Perception
How your brain makes sense of your senses
selective attention
Paying attention to a certain thing, and tuning everything else out
EX. Basketball and the gorilla video.
Change blindness
Blind to change because of selective attention
perceptual set
A set of mental tendencies and assumptions that greatly affects what we perceive
extrasensory perception (ESP)
The claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input
ex. Telepathy.
Parapsychology
Study of paranormal phenomenon
wave length
The distance from one wave peak to the next
Hue
The color we see
Intensity
amount of energy and light waves
EX. More intensity would be something that’s brighter.
Cornea
Where light enters the eye, also protects and bends light
pupil
Small adjustable opening
Iris
Surrounds and controls the size of the pupil in response to light intensity, or inner emotions
Lens
Focuses light rays onto an image on the retina
Retina
Multi layered tissue on the ice sensitive inner surface
– Send image to optic nerve
accommodation
Lens changing shape
rods
Retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray
– 20x more than cones
Cones
Retinal receptors in the center of the retina use for well lit conditions
optic nerve
Carries neural impulses from eye to brain
Blindspot
The point when an optic nerve leaves the eye to the brain
Fovea
The middle part of the retina (point of central focus)
highest frequency, color
Red
lowest frequency color
Violet
Who made the tri-chromatic theory?
Young
tri-chomstic theory
Or I received three types of colors, red, blue, green
Feature detectors
Neurons that the text certain types of stimuli like movement shape, and angles
Bipolar cells
One of the main retinal interneurons that creates the main pathway to ganglion cells
Ganglion cells
Transport visual stimuli to the brain
Opponent process theory
Ganglion cells will turn on and off when they get tired and colors rock will appear to be the opposite color
Transduction
The change of the stimulus energy into neural impulses
Photo transduction
Light energy into neural impulses
wave length has to do with
Color and hugh
intensity Hass to do with what and is controlled by what
How to do with brightness and is controlled by the amplitude of light waves
Where does the optic nerve go first
Thalamus
Feature detection
Processing different things in different parts of the brain
Color consistency
context of what’s around something changes how we see the color
EX. Apples pic
Perceptual set
predisposed to see you one thing rather than another
EX. Young versus old lady.
What features do we look at the most on a person?
Eyes and mouth
Visual capture
vision can influence other senses
McGurk effect
What you hear changes based on what you see
EX. Bah/fah mouth.
gestalt grouping rules
proximity similarity, continuity, connectedness, and closure can affect perceptual consistency
Retinal disparity
when right and left vision cross
EX. Singer sausage.
Convergence
need two eyes to tell how far something is by using angles
(binocular cue)
Monocular cue
need one eye to process something
Relative size
Bigger equals closer
Interposition
objects that block off other objects are closer
EX. Weird horse painting.
Relative clarity
Foggy things look farther away
Texture gradients
More texture = closer
Relative motion
stuff closer that you pass goes the opposite way, but big stuff stays with you
EX. Driving past something big vs something small.
Relative height
Higher up = farther away
linear perspective/convergence
Angles of lines, make it seem like there is more depth
EX. Hallway drawing.
light/shadow
lighter = closer
Darker = farther
Motion perception
Moving closer things get bigger
phi phenomenon
light flash out of speed, makes it look like there’s motion
EX. Signs with rotating lights.
size consistency
stable, size perception, a midchanging size of the stimuli
Yes. Different size cars.
size distance, relationship
If something seems farther away, it may seem bigger than the same size object that looks like it’s closer
EX. Monster running
