personality Flashcards
personality
someone’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
free association
patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind
psychoanalysis
Freud’s theory of personality and associated treatment
id
unconscious wants
ego
balance between what you want and what you should do
superego
what you should do
psychosexual stages
oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital
oral stage
(0-18 months) mouth fixatin
anal stage
(18 months- 3yrs) control of bladder
phallic stage
(3 - 6yrs) first sexual desires towards parents
latency
(6-puberty) no sexual feelings
genital stage
(puberty-) sexual interests
Oedipus complex
hate dad in love with mom
Electra complex
hate mom in love with dad
Fixation
stuck in a psychosexual stage
EX. Sucking thumb.
Defense mechanisms
Tactics to reduce/redirect, anxiety by distorting reality
Psychodynamic theories
are behavior emerges from the interaction of conscious and unconscious mind (Freud)
collective unconscious
(Jung) a shared, inherited Reservoir of memory traces from our species history
EX. God.
Projective tests
“ psychological x-ray“ we are test takers have to come up with a story about a stimulus EX. A picture.
The thematic apperception test (TAT)
A person use a picture and comes up with a story
– Can tell hopes, desires, fears
rorschach inkblot test
People describe what they see in various ink blots
False consensus
Over estimating the extent to which other share our beliefs and behaviors
Terror management theory
Theory of death related to anxiety
Repression
Pushing conflict out of awareness
rationalization
Justifying why something isn’t bad
Projection
senior insecurities in others
regression
Going back to you earlier stages in development
-Sucking thumb and nervous
displacement
Taking out anger on someone else
Supplementation
putting regressive impulses into something acceptable
EX. Take aggression out and sports.
Reaction formation
Be really nice to someone because you hate them
Denial
Refusing to accept the situation in the short term
ways to tell personality through psychoanalysis
Dreams
Freudian slips
Manifest
Your actual dream
Latent dream
Meaning of the dream
transference
Transferring an issue to someone similar
EX. Angry with mom take it out on women therapist
– Is a good thing
Resistance
Refusing to talk about some thing
Wish fulfillment
desire/wishes come out in dreams
humanistic theories
Looks at personality with Hope of healthy, personal growth
Self actualization
Process of filling your potential
self transcendence
Meaning, purpose, and communion beyond the self
Unconditional positive regard
Attitude of acceptance to someone
Characteristics of an environment with unconditional positive regard
Genuineness, acceptance, empathy
Self concept
all the thoughts and feelings in response to a question 
Factor analysis
Clustering traits to determine personality
EX. Different musical traits.
personality, inventories
Longer questionnaire is covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors
Minnesota multiphasic, personality inventory (MMPI)
Assessing abnormal, personality tendencies
– first of personality inventory
empirically derived
Testing pull of items that are finding those that discriminate between groups
Abraham Maslow
Father of humanistic theories
hierarchy of needs
Bottom to top
1. Physiological needs.(food)
2. Safety.(only worried about a safe environment.
3. Love/belonging.(having friends.)
4. Esteem
5. Self actualization.
Self transcendence
Client centered therapy
Client is in charge of therapy
Psychotherapy
Face-to-face and directed questions
Eclectic
Mixture of different therapy techniques
Alfred Adler
Thought of the inferiority, complex and personality comes from more social
Big five personality traits
conscientiousness- how organized
Agreeableness -how much they get along
Neuroticism- Unstable personality
Openness -how willing to try new things
Extrovert/introvert
Myers Briggs test
How much do agree with the statement?
are trait, perspective, criticism
Barnum effect
Barnum affect
Personality assessments are written in a general way were a lot of people could relate
social cognitive
Our personality is a comb of our environment and how we think
Bobo doll experiment
Washed if kids watching adults to see if they would copy the adults actions of hitting the bobo doll
– They did
Reciprocal influences
environment can influence part of our personality
-Nature and nurture
Personal control
Whether we control the environment or if it controls us
external locus of control
Not being able to control something
Internal locus of control
What we perceive we can control
Learned helplessness
Bad situation, long enough, you lose hope and stop trying
EX. Depression.
Attribution style
Optimus/pessimist
Martin Seligman
Father of positive psychology
VIA
values in action ( Seligmann)
Cognitive perspective, criticism
Not enough focus on biology/too much on situation
Spotlight effect
When we think people are watching us more than they are
self reference effect
Relating things for our selves
self efficiency
You’re believe that you can overcome a challenge
self-serving bias
Think more about the good things we’ve done
defensive self-esteem
Fragile and really care about what others think
Trait, perspective, critiques
Self reporting
self-determination
Your ability to determine your future
