Motivation, Stress and Emotion Flashcards
incentives
pos. or neg stimuli that lure or repel us
yerkes dodson law
med arousal –> best performance
primary drives
biological needs
secondary drives
wants
A.L Washburn
studied hunger with a balloon in someones stomach
lateral hypothalamus
makes you hungry
ventromedial hypothalamus
makes you feel full
set point
Set weight body tries to maintain
Ghrelin
hunger hormone secreted from the stomach (more hungry)
Insulin
hunger hormone from the pancreas (less hungry)
Leptin
hunger hormone from fat cells (less hungry)
Orexin
hunger hormone from the hypothalamus (more hungry)
PYY
hunger hormone from intestine/digestive tract (less hungery)
obesity
15-30% over average body weight
bulimia
eat then –> do something to quickly loose the weight (throw up, work out, laccatives)
anorexia
not eating to loose weight
The Garcia effect
studied aversions
ex. repulsed by food you ate when you were in chemo
Alfred Kinsey
studies sexual practices
Masters and Johnson
studied sexual cycles by watching volunteers masterbate
Importance of belonging
basic human motivation
ostracism
social exclusion
testosterone
the male sex hormone
estrogen
female sex hormone
sexual response cycle
- excitement phase
- plateau phase- increase in blood pressure, pulse, and breathing
- orgasm
- resolution phase
homosexuality theories
- linked to the size of the hypothalamus
- abnormal amt of the opposite sex hormone in womb
emotion
bodily arousal, expressive behavior, conscious thoughts and feelings
James-Lange theory on emotion
Arousal comes before emotion
ex. scared then tremble
Cannon-Bard theory on emotion
arousal and emotion happen at same time
Stanley Schacter’s two factor theory on emotion
physical arousal + cognitive appraisal = emotions
polygraphs
measures heart rate, sweat, and blood pressure
problems with the polygraph test
could show up as a lie when in reality you are really just nervous
role of sympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system during emotional arousal
mobilizes body for action and causes adrenal glands to secrete stress hormone
parasympathetic systems and emotion
calms the body
Robert Zajone
we have emotional reactions before we interpret stimuli
low road thinking
using old parts of the brain and acting in an irrational emotional way
high road thinking
thinking before acting
amygdala on emotional thinking
where emotions are felt
thalamus in emotional thinking
where everything goes through
Walter cannon
came up with cannon-bard theory
Stressors
things that cause stress
1. catastrophes
2. significant life changes
3. daily hassles
Hans Selye
studied the body’s adaptive reaction to stress by stimulating animals
General adaptation syndrome- 3 stages
- alarm reaction- sympathetic nervous system activated
- resistance- fight back
- exhaustion- after delt with stress
role of prolonged stress
damage to the immune system and more likely to get cancer, heart disease
norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol
stress hormones
adrenal gland
secretes stress hormones
Holmes and Rahe
studied stress by giving a point value to stressful thing
Type A personality
competitive, impatient, verbally aggressive
(more prone to heart probs)
Type B personality
easygoing
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
assessment for measuring stressful situations
Life changing units (LCU)
Stressful things point value
lack of control effects on stress
makes you more stressed
explanatory style
how people explain to themselves why they experience a particular event, either positive or negative
problem-focused coping
deal with the problem to decrease stress
ex. studying for stressful test
emotion-focused coping
dealing with your emotions to deal with stress
Paul Ekman
found out facial expressions are universal
Universal human emotions
-happy
-sad
-angry
-fear
-disgust
-surprise
-contempt
context dependant memory
remembering better when you are in the spot something happened
ex. taking test where you learned the material
acetocolene
Neurotransmitter governs memory and movement
kinesthetic sense
body awareness in space
selective attention
only focusing on a certain thing
ex. passing basketball and the gorilla
proactive interference
old info hakes it hard to learn new things
external locus of control
forces outside of your control
