brain part 1 Flashcards
Motor neuron
Causes things to move (out)
Dendrite
Receive messages from other cells
Action potential
The firing of a neuron (all or nothing)
Ions
An atom or group of atoms in which a number of electrons is different from the number of protons
Serotonin
A neurotransmitter associated with mood
-Stops reuptake
Reuptake
When a neurotransmitter gets reabsorbed back to a neuron
Somatic nervous system
Part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movement
autonomic nervous system
automatic/involuntary movements
-ex. heart beat or breathing 
sympathetic
Adrenaline/fight or flight also being nervous
Parasympathetic nervous system
When you’re calm
Pituitary gland
Send hormones to other glands
Endocrine system
governs behavior (Takes a longer time)
Pancreas
Regulates the level of Sugar in blood
Thyroid
Controls metabolism 
Metabolism
How efficiently you use energy
Parathyroid
Controls calcium and body
Gonads
testes/ovaries
-Release testosterone and estrogen
Adrenal glands
release epinephrine, cortisol, norepinephrine
-Triggers fight or flight
Interneurons
Connect motor and sensory neuron
PET
when you drink A solution that gets into your brain so you can see which parts of your brain are active (lights up on scan)
EEG
measures brain activity in waves
-Think sleep study
MRI
shows a clear picture of the brain in 3-D
CAT
X-ray photo
FMRI
Shows brain overtime
Sensory
Feel/aware of it (in)
Glial cells
housekeepers and make sure neurons are working well
Refractory period
When a neuron is recharging before it fires again
Antagonist
Drugs that go in and block the real Neuro transmitters from doing their function
Agonist
binds to Nuro receptor site and makes the neuron think it is the neurotransmitter
-ex. Caffeine mimics the wake up neurotransmitter
Antidepressant
Stop reuptake of serotonin
Myelin sheath
Speeds conduction of neuron
Absolute threshold
you have to have enough neurotransmitters to get action potential
Endocrine system
hormones
Acetylcholine
memory and motor movement neurotransmitter
Endorphins
pain relieving neurotransmitter
-Contributes to runners high
Dopamine
a feel good Neurotransmitter
Glutamate
A memory neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
helps control alertness and arousal (Neuro transmitter) also in adrenal glands
GABA
A neurotransmitter that calms you down for sleep (Inhibiting)
Axon
Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
Terminal branches of axon
Form junctions with other cells
Myelin sheath
Covers the axon of some neurons and health speed neural impulses
Neural impulse
action potential/electrical signal traveling down the axon
Cell body
The neurons life support center
Synaptic gap
The gap between the receptor sites on receiving neurons and the axon terminal
Soma
Cell body
Neurons are made up of…
Sodium and potassium
Depolarization
During refractory period when charge leaves the neuron and becomes positive
Polarization
When charge comes in and becomes negative
reflex
info coming from your sensory neurons send a message to the motor neurons before it goes to your brain
-ex. gets hit in the knee
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
everything other than brain and spinal chord
