Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Sensation and Perception Part 3 > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Part 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Name this- We perceive a stable world despite changes in viewing circumstances that cause alteration to sensory information.

A

Perceptual Constancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is shape constancy?

A

We perceive a stable shape even though the shape is changing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Even though the retinal image size changes with changes in viewing distance, we still perceive an object to be a specific size. Name this.

A

Size Constancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain perceptual constancy.

A

The stimulus is constantly changing so we have a way of overcoming every single movement and change in the object so that we can maintain a stable view.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In size constancy the relationship between the target and ______ is important.

A

background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The ratio between target and background remains _____, we use this to achieve size constancy.

A

constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Even in the absence of the background we can still get size ________.

A

constancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ plays a crucial role in achieving size constancy.

A

depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the theory of unconscious inference imply?

A

This theory implies that human vision is incomplete and that details are inferred by the unconscious mind to create a complete picture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name two assumptions that the brain makes from the eye’s perception.

A

Motion and Depth Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who came up with the theory of unconscious inference?

A

Hemholtz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the problem of depth perception?

A

The retinal image is flat (2D) but we perceive a 3D world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The retinal image is also ______ but it is perceived as upright.

A

inverted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The retinal image is ambiguous with regard to what?

A

An objects’ distance, size and shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The retinal image is ____ yet we perceive objects in motion.

A

Static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 objects can give rise to different ______ images.

A

Retinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False:

Retinal Image is static.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What must the brain be in order to perceive movement (eg. Of own body)?

A

Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Apart from perceiving movement, when does the brain also need to be active?

A

When we focus on an object that is close.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the two types of oculomotor cues.

A

Accommodation and Convergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What helps us to fixate on objects at different distances (less than a metre) and provides the brain with information about their location?

A

Oculomotor cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Accommodation is a change in the shape of _____.

A

Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does accommodation occur?

A

To focus on nearby objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens during accommodation?

A

The lens bulges out to see clearer and closer to therein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

During accommodation the lens assumes a more ______ shape.

A

Spherical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When objects are very close to us, we ________ our eyes to fixate on them.

A

Converge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The closer the object gets to us, the ____ the eyes converge.

A

More

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a binocular depth cue?

A

When depth information is dependent on information from both eyes, not just one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Because your two eyes are separated, what happens?

A

Each eye receives a somewhat different perspective of the same object.

30
Q

The close an object is to you, the greater _________ in the retinal image that results from each eye’s perspective.

A

Difference

31
Q

The brain uses the differences between the right and left retinal image to “see” __________. What is this known as?

A

Depth, Stereopsis

32
Q

What does retinal disparity give rise to?

A

Stereopsis

33
Q

______ is the basis of the depth affect in 3D glasses.

A

Stereopsis

34
Q

The monocular cues that don’t involve any movement are known as what?

A

Pictorial/static cues

35
Q

Name 5 examples of monocular static depth cues.

A

Relative Height, Relative Size, Occlusion, Linear Perspective and Texture gradients.

36
Q

How many eyes do monocular cues use?

A

1

37
Q

Define the Relative Height.

A

Objects that are higher in your field of view are perceived as being more distant than those lower in the field of view.

38
Q

Objects closer to the horizon are seen as________ than objects that appear far from the horizon.

A

More distant.

39
Q

Explain Relative Size.

A

When two similar or identical objects appear in your field of view but one appears to be smaller it is seen as more distant than the larger one.

40
Q

Name this:

When an object hides our view of another the former is perceived as being closer to the observer.

A

Occlusion (Inter-position) - think holding hands.

41
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

When lines that are parallel (e.g., railway tracks) seem to converge on a “vanishing point” on the horizon.

42
Q

The longer it takes for objects to converge, the ______ it seems.

A

further away

43
Q

What is being described here?
Although the bricks are all equally sized and spaced, the more distant ones appear smaller, less detailed, and more numerous.

A

A Texture gradient

44
Q

What is a texture gradient?

A

When a pattern becomes more dense and less clear as it goes into the distance.

45
Q

Apart from Monocular Static Depth Cues, name the other type of monocular cue.

A

Monocular Movement Cue

46
Q

When can we perceive depth from pictorial cues?

A

Only in the absence of motion.

47
Q

______ often dispels any misperceptions brought about by static monocular cues.

A

Motion

48
Q

Name the most important dynamic depth cue.

A

Motion Parallax.

49
Q

Explain Motion Parallax.

A

When we are in motion, near objects appear to move rapidly in the opposite direction.
Objects beyond fixation however will appear to move much more slowly, often in the same direction we are moving.

50
Q

The rate of _______ change across the retina is relatively _____ for objects that are far away from you, whereas objects that are close to you traverse the retina _______.

A

angular, slow, rapidly

51
Q

When the light comes from above and the shadow comes from below, the object will ________.

A

pop out

52
Q

When the shadow comes from above and the light comes from below, the object will appear to be ______.

A

indented

53
Q

The depth cue using light and shadow id often known as what?

A

The shadow effect.

54
Q

The pattern of shadow has an effect on our perception of ________.

A

depth.

55
Q

Name the 2 types of motion on the retina.

A

either movement of eye or object

56
Q

When there is motion across the retina, what must we determine?

A

We must determine whether it was produces by movement in the environment or by a change in viewing position.

57
Q

If we only had ______ image, and object moving vs. our eye moving (and object staying stationary) would seem ________.

A

retinal, identical

58
Q

How do we make the distinction between movement of the eye or movement of an object?

A

We use the brain

59
Q

The brain can be described as being __________, when it interprets motion.

A

proprioceptive

60
Q

Why don’t we perceive motion of an object when we move our eyes?

A

The brain cancels out the eye movement, equal to an opposite image on the retina.
The brain calculates that it is just eye movement and not normal movement.

61
Q

We not only detect motion, we ______ it.

A

interpret

62
Q

What is induced motion?

A

When we perceive motion even though there is no motion.

63
Q

Give an example of induced motion.

A

When you think your vehicle is moving in one direction, when in fact the vehicle beside you is moving in the opposite direction (you aren’t moving at all).

64
Q

What does induced motion show?

A

It shows us that visual systems are actively interpreting information and creating inferences based on past experience.
aka. Its not coming from stimulus information.

65
Q

How can the brain tell our eyes are moving and not an object?

A

A motor signal and An image movement signal are sent to brain, these 2 signals then cancel out. This way the brain knows that it is just the eyes moving- not the object.

66
Q

The ______ ________ problem is encountered when the visual system generates the illusion of apparent motion.

A

motion correspondence

67
Q

Explain the correspondence problem.

A

Two frames.
When we see Frame I (eg. red square and blue circle), the visual system must track its identity into Frame II.
It asserts that some other element in Frame II (we look for where the red square has gone, blue circle has gone) is the same entity as the Frame I element.

68
Q

What does the motion correspondence problem have to determine ?

A

It has to determine “what went where” before motion can be filled in.

69
Q

How do we achieve perceptual constancy?

A

By using the information available to us.

70
Q

We use various ______ to achieve our perception of depth.

A

cues.

71
Q

Our visual system makes many _______ and _______ that we’re unaware of but which nevertheless allow us to perceive the world in _____ and in ______.

A

interpretations, inferences, 3D, motion.

Psychology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions