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Psychology > Personality-Psychodynamic Theories > Flashcards

Personality-Psychodynamic Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the main person to do with psychodynamic theory.

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

Thomas Hobbes influenced Freud with what idea?

A

The idea that humans have a brutish nature eg. we savages and self-centred.

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3
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz studied physics, what did he believe about humans that influenced Freud?

A

That we conserve energy but this has to released somehow eg. through impulses eg. sexual/aggressive

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4
Q

What was Freud’s Basic Assumption?

A

That the mind is in 3 parts

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5
Q

Name the 3 parts of the mind that Freud came up with.

A

Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious

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6
Q

Thoughts are ______.

A

conscious

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7
Q

Name an example of something preconscious.

A

memories/ stored knowledge

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8
Q

Irrational wishes, fears, selfish needs, sexual desires, shameful experiences would all be classed in what part of the mind?

A

The unconscious part of the mind.

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9
Q

Freud’s theory is called ______ _______ ________.

A

Freudian Personality Theory

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10
Q

Firstly Freud said there was a ____ of personality.

A

structure

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11
Q

Name the 3 parts to the structure of personality.

A

Id, Ego and Superego

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12
Q

Id is known as the _____ principle.

A

Pleasure

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13
Q

The “I want” immediately structure of personality is known as the ____.

A

Id

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14
Q

Id is partly ____ and partly _____.

A

unconscious, preconscious

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15
Q

Ego is known as the _____ principle.

A

Reality

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16
Q

what doe ego have some control over?

A

Ego has some control over Id

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17
Q

How many years does it take to develop Ego?

A

It takes 2 years, babies are all Id

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18
Q

What principle is Superego called?

A

it is called the morality principle.

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19
Q

Superego exists in ____ parts of the mind.

A

ALL

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20
Q

What structure exists in conscious and preconscious mind?

A

Ego

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21
Q

When you have done something wrong, you feel shame, this is known as the ______ _____.

A

super-ego.

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22
Q

If Id found a bank note what would they do?

A

Take note and run

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23
Q

If Ego found a bank note what would they do?

A

Debate, see the reality of the situation, did anyone else see man drop the note, weigh out pros and cons etc.

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24
Q

If Superego found a bank note what would they do?

A

They would do the right thing and give the bank note back to the man.

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25
Q

The second thing that Freud looked at was the _____ of personality.

A

dynamic

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26
Q

Name a Dynamic of personality.

A

Anxiety

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27
Q

Name the different types of anxiety that you can get.

A

Objective, neurotic, moral

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28
Q

What is objective anxiety?

A

Being scared of a physical thing/object eg. thinking you are going to be hit by a bus

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29
Q

If you are worried that people know how you actually feel what sort of anxiety is this?

A

Neurotic Anxiety

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30
Q

Name an example of moral anxiety.

A

feeling shame/guilt.

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31
Q

People with anxiety have _____ mechanisms.

A

defence

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32
Q

When we make a frightening impulse unconscious, what is this type of defence mechanism called?

A

Repression

33
Q

The refusal to acknowledge something objectively or face reality is called _____.

A

Denial

34
Q

What is projection?

A

Projection is putting one of the qualities you hate about yourself onto someone else so you hate them instead of yourself.

35
Q

Suppression then subsequently a random explosion of emotion at another (inappropriate) time is known as ______

A

displacement

36
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

concealing a motif from themselves by having a strong expression for opposite motif. eg. sexual urges=become a nun.

37
Q

What was the 3rd factor of personality that Freud studied?

A

Development of personality

38
Q

Development of personality happens in a _____ of _______ as a ______.

A

series, stages, child

39
Q

What does adult personality depend on?

A

How they resolved conflicts as a child.

40
Q

What theory did freud come up with regarding development of personality, that was controversial at the time?

A

The theory of infantile sexuality

41
Q

_____ zones become focus of sexual pleasure and frustration.

A

erogenous

42
Q

Failure to resolve conflict at any stage in the development of personality as a child leads to _______.

A

fixation

43
Q

There are 5 ______ stages of development of personality.

A

psychosexual

44
Q

Name the 5 psychosexual stages.

A 
oral stage
anal stage
phallic stage
latency stage
genital stage
45
Q

0 to 18 months is the _______ stage.

A

oral

46
Q

summarise the oral stage.

A

babies get pleasure from putting stuff in their mouth

47
Q

The anal stage is from _____ months to ____ years.

A

18 months to 3 years

48
Q

summarise the anal stage.

A

derive pleasure from relieving tension in bowels aka. pooing

49
Q

From ages to 3 to 5 years old, this is said to be the _______ stage.

A

phallic

50
Q

In the phallic stage pleasure comes from the increased _____ of the ____. A ____ ____ if you like.

A

sensitivity, genitals, sexual awakening

51
Q

What is controversial at the phallic stage?

A

Freud said that male kids have sexual feelings for their mother.

52
Q

What and when is the latency stage?

A

The latency stage is when sexuality becomes dormant. This happens from 6 until puberty.

53
Q

The stage lasting from puberty until adulthood is known as the _____ stage.

A

genital

54
Q

Describe the genital stage.

A

Sexual re-awakening; mature sexual love now.

55
Q

What does psychic determinism mean?

A

This means that no behaviour happens by chance, there is a reason for every thought/feeling/action, even if it is unconsciously motivated.

56
Q

The Psychopathology of Everyday Life is a book that ___ wrote.

A

Freud

57
Q

What did Freud believe that mistakes did?

A

betrayed our true feelings/thoughts- a reason behind our mistakes

58
Q

Give another name for parapraxis.

A

Freudian slip

59
Q

What is a Freudian Slip?

A

a minor error in speech or action, that is not random, instead it gives something away eg. unconscious wish

60
Q

“Good morning be-headed… uh…I mean beloved” is an example of a _____ _____.

A

Freudian Slip.

61
Q

_____ are a “royal road to the unconscious”.

A

dreams

62
Q

define manifest content vs latent content.

A

What a dream actually contains vs what the dream symbolises

63
Q

In dreams ___ uses symbols to represent meaning. Why?

A

Ego. If we didn’t have symbols eg. if it was latent, it would be too upsetting.

64
Q

The problem of ______ is a concern about psychodynamic evidence.

A

interpretation

65
Q

There is no ___ ___ for this theory. Only people’s _____ were interpreted.

A

raw data, accounts

66
Q

_____ evidence for Freudian concepts have mixed results.

A

Empiricial

67
Q

Levinger and Clark tested Freud’s ____ hypothesis by showing participants negatively charged and neutral words. However did the full results agree with Freud’s theory?

A

Repression, No

68
Q

What was the main psychodynamic formulation after Sigmund Freud?

A

Ego Psychology (Anna Freud, Erikson and Horney)

69
Q

What did Ego Psychology believe?

A

They emphasised the skills and adaptive capabilities’ of ego, more than id, as they believed that ego is key to personality.

70
Q

Objects relations theory and attachment theory are also other ______ formulations.

A

psychodynamic

71
Q

In Ego Psychology, there was a proposed _____ of _____ mechanisms.

A

hierarchy, defence

72
Q

What are coping patterns?

A

How we resolve or deal with conflicts (any situation that life hits us with).

73
Q

Humour, suppression and altruism are examples of ______ coping patterns.

A

mature

74
Q

Name the most immature coping patterns.

A

Denial and distortion

75
Q

If you cope well with life/a mature coper, Valliant found what?

A

These people generally had a better income, were more satisfied with job, marriage and friends.

76
Q

The Psychodynamic Approach remains _______.

A

controversial

77
Q

The psychodynamic approach is impressive in ____ and _____ but has no shortage of general and specific _____.

A

scope, influence, criticisms

78
Q

What did the psychodynamic approach have a massive impact on?

A

Psychology in general and beyond

79
Q

Who is the important person here?

A

FREUD

Psychology (24 decks)

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