Personality-Psychodynamic Theories Flashcards
Name the main person to do with psychodynamic theory.
Sigmund Freud
Thomas Hobbes influenced Freud with what idea?
The idea that humans have a brutish nature eg. we savages and self-centred.
Hermann von Helmholtz studied physics, what did he believe about humans that influenced Freud?
That we conserve energy but this has to released somehow eg. through impulses eg. sexual/aggressive
What was Freud’s Basic Assumption?
That the mind is in 3 parts
Name the 3 parts of the mind that Freud came up with.
Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious
Thoughts are ______.
conscious
Name an example of something preconscious.
memories/ stored knowledge
Irrational wishes, fears, selfish needs, sexual desires, shameful experiences would all be classed in what part of the mind?
The unconscious part of the mind.
Freud’s theory is called ______ _______ ________.
Freudian Personality Theory
Firstly Freud said there was a ____ of personality.
structure
Name the 3 parts to the structure of personality.
Id, Ego and Superego
Id is known as the _____ principle.
Pleasure
The “I want” immediately structure of personality is known as the ____.
Id
Id is partly ____ and partly _____.
unconscious, preconscious
Ego is known as the _____ principle.
Reality
what doe ego have some control over?
Ego has some control over Id
How many years does it take to develop Ego?
It takes 2 years, babies are all Id
What principle is Superego called?
it is called the morality principle.
Superego exists in ____ parts of the mind.
ALL
What structure exists in conscious and preconscious mind?
Ego
When you have done something wrong, you feel shame, this is known as the ______ _____.
super-ego.
If Id found a bank note what would they do?
Take note and run
If Ego found a bank note what would they do?
Debate, see the reality of the situation, did anyone else see man drop the note, weigh out pros and cons etc.
If Superego found a bank note what would they do?
They would do the right thing and give the bank note back to the man.
The second thing that Freud looked at was the _____ of personality.
dynamic
Name a Dynamic of personality.
Anxiety
Name the different types of anxiety that you can get.
Objective, neurotic, moral
What is objective anxiety?
Being scared of a physical thing/object eg. thinking you are going to be hit by a bus
If you are worried that people know how you actually feel what sort of anxiety is this?
Neurotic Anxiety
Name an example of moral anxiety.
feeling shame/guilt.
People with anxiety have _____ mechanisms.
defence
When we make a frightening impulse unconscious, what is this type of defence mechanism called?
Repression
The refusal to acknowledge something objectively or face reality is called _____.
Denial
What is projection?
Projection is putting one of the qualities you hate about yourself onto someone else so you hate them instead of yourself.
Suppression then subsequently a random explosion of emotion at another (inappropriate) time is known as ______
displacement
What is reaction formation?
concealing a motif from themselves by having a strong expression for opposite motif. eg. sexual urges=become a nun.
What was the 3rd factor of personality that Freud studied?
Development of personality
Development of personality happens in a _____ of _______ as a ______.
series, stages, child
What does adult personality depend on?
How they resolved conflicts as a child.
What theory did freud come up with regarding development of personality, that was controversial at the time?
The theory of infantile sexuality
_____ zones become focus of sexual pleasure and frustration.
erogenous
Failure to resolve conflict at any stage in the development of personality as a child leads to _______.
fixation
There are 5 ______ stages of development of personality.
psychosexual
Name the 5 psychosexual stages.
oral stage anal stage phallic stage latency stage genital stage
0 to 18 months is the _______ stage.
oral
summarise the oral stage.
babies get pleasure from putting stuff in their mouth
The anal stage is from _____ months to ____ years.
18 months to 3 years
summarise the anal stage.
derive pleasure from relieving tension in bowels aka. pooing
From ages to 3 to 5 years old, this is said to be the _______ stage.
phallic
In the phallic stage pleasure comes from the increased _____ of the ____. A ____ ____ if you like.
sensitivity, genitals, sexual awakening
What is controversial at the phallic stage?
Freud said that male kids have sexual feelings for their mother.
What and when is the latency stage?
The latency stage is when sexuality becomes dormant. This happens from 6 until puberty.
The stage lasting from puberty until adulthood is known as the _____ stage.
genital
Describe the genital stage.
Sexual re-awakening; mature sexual love now.
What does psychic determinism mean?
This means that no behaviour happens by chance, there is a reason for every thought/feeling/action, even if it is unconsciously motivated.
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life is a book that ___ wrote.
Freud
What did Freud believe that mistakes did?
betrayed our true feelings/thoughts- a reason behind our mistakes
Give another name for parapraxis.
Freudian slip
What is a Freudian Slip?
a minor error in speech or action, that is not random, instead it gives something away eg. unconscious wish
“Good morning be-headed… uh…I mean beloved” is an example of a _____ _____.
Freudian Slip.
_____ are a “royal road to the unconscious”.
dreams
define manifest content vs latent content.
What a dream actually contains vs what the dream symbolises
In dreams ___ uses symbols to represent meaning. Why?
Ego. If we didn’t have symbols eg. if it was latent, it would be too upsetting.
The problem of ______ is a concern about psychodynamic evidence.
interpretation
There is no ___ ___ for this theory. Only people’s _____ were interpreted.
raw data, accounts
_____ evidence for Freudian concepts have mixed results.
Empiricial
Levinger and Clark tested Freud’s ____ hypothesis by showing participants negatively charged and neutral words. However did the full results agree with Freud’s theory?
Repression, No
What was the main psychodynamic formulation after Sigmund Freud?
Ego Psychology (Anna Freud, Erikson and Horney)
What did Ego Psychology believe?
They emphasised the skills and adaptive capabilities’ of ego, more than id, as they believed that ego is key to personality.
Objects relations theory and attachment theory are also other ______ formulations.
psychodynamic
In Ego Psychology, there was a proposed _____ of _____ mechanisms.
hierarchy, defence
What are coping patterns?
How we resolve or deal with conflicts (any situation that life hits us with).
Humour, suppression and altruism are examples of ______ coping patterns.
mature
Name the most immature coping patterns.
Denial and distortion
If you cope well with life/a mature coper, Valliant found what?
These people generally had a better income, were more satisfied with job, marriage and friends.
The Psychodynamic Approach remains _______.
controversial
The psychodynamic approach is impressive in ____ and _____ but has no shortage of general and specific _____.
scope, influence, criticisms
What did the psychodynamic approach have a massive impact on?
Psychology in general and beyond
Who is the important person here?
FREUD
