Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Developmental Psychology II > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology II Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is the name for:

“How kids get on with other people” (Schaffer 1996)

A

Social development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Social Development?

A

An extended period of child rearing characterised by learning how to interact with others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The nature of our ______ relationships has a lasting _______ on the rest of our life.

A

Earliest, influence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Forming _____ and _____ ____ is an essential part of development.

A

Social, emotional bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define attachment.

A

A strong and enduring emotional bond between a child and its primary caregivers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the 4 special features of attachment.

A
  • It’s SELECTIVE so focused on specific individuals
  • PHYSICAL PROXIMINITY SEEKING- seeking closeness to object of attachment
  • COMFORT and SECURITY- resulting from being close to them the child will feel safe.
  • SEPARATION DISTRESS- When tie is broken and proximity isn’t possible child gets upset :(
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first social relationship a child has?

A

The bond between them and their care giver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In order for attachment to grow, what must the caregiver do?

A

Reciprocate some sort of affection/ respond to the child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the theory of attachment formation-

Caregiver’s ability to satisfy instinctual and psychological needs is the basis for attachment.

A

Cupboard Love Theory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the psychoanalytic view of the Cupboard Love Theory?

A

That feeding practice is formative aka. meets the biological needs of the child and provides baby with pleasure due to oral gratification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the behaviourist view of the Cupboard Love Theory?

A

That conditioning leads to attachment. aka. being close to parent produces a reward on the form of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Too much or Too little _____ results in bad _______.

A

Food, attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the cupboard love theory.

A

Attachment is based on biological needs such as food, not love.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What animals did Harlow and Zimmerman (1959) test the “cupboard love” theory on?

A

Monkeys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the Harlow and Zimmerman 1959 monkey cupboard love experiment.

A
  • 2 surrogate mothers
  • 1 mother made of soft cloth but didn’t have food = comfort but no food
  • The other was made from wire frame but had food = no comfort but had food
  • The monkey’s affectional response was tested
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were the results of the Harlow and Zimmerman 1959 Monkey Cupboard Love Experiment?

A
  • Monkeys spent more time on the soft mum even though it had no food
  • Monkeys only went to wire mum for food then went straight back to soft mum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Harlow and Zimmerman 1959 monkey experiment on cupboard love showed that monkeys find _____ more important in a caregiver then _____.

A

Comfort, food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the ETHOLOGICAL theory of attachment?

A

The study of animal behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who is the influential figure in the ethological theory of attachment?

A

Lorenz.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the two main biological processes involved with the ethological theory of attachment.

A

Imprinting and Critical Period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A _____ period is where certain events need to occur for normal psychological development.

A

Critical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the ethological theory of attachment, what two things is attachment argued to be?

A

Attachment is argued to be biological and pre-determined.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Imprinting occurs in _______ animals such as ducks where they follow their mother.

A

Pre-cotial (animals that can walk at birth).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name this:

When non-humans form an innate bond with their care-giver.

A

Imprinting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What theory of attachment is most closely associated with human attachment?

A

Bowlby’s theory of attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What bond does Bowlby emphasise?

A

The bond between mother and child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the 3 key concepts of Bowlby’s theory of attachment.

A

Monotropy, Secure Base and Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis.

28
Q

The strong, innate dependency to attach to one adult female is called ______.

A

Monotropy.

29
Q

Describe the concept of Secure Base.

A

That the child has safety to explore the surrounding environment knowing they can return back to base aka. their mum.

30
Q

Both mother and child are to some extent _____ programmed o play their roles in _______.

A

Genetically, attachment.

31
Q

If a baby cries, the mother is _______ _______ to respond.

A

Genetically Programmed.

32
Q

What is Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis?

A

If the mother doesn’t respond to the child/separation, this can long lasting implications in the child’s life eg. mental health problems and crime.

33
Q

Being in close proximity to young is seen as ______ as this increases chance of _________.

A

Evolutionary, survival.

34
Q

Harlow and Lorenz’s findings are more relevant to _______ than _______.

A

Animals, Humans.

35
Q

Ainsworth et al.1978 did a “______ _________” experiment based measuring individual differences in attachment.

A

Strange Situation.

36
Q

The strange situation test is argued to be a ______ test for any child aged between __ and ___ years old.

A

Global, 1, 2.

37
Q

Describe what happens in the strange situation test.

A
  • Mum and Infant in room with toys
  • Stranger enters, mum leaves
  • Infant may become distressed (measure their reaction)
  • Mother enters room again, and comforts baby if necessary.
38
Q

There are ______ differences in attachment.

A

Individual.

39
Q

There are individual differences in attachment, children’s behaviour can be categorised into 4 categories, name these.

A
  • Securely attached
  • Anxious/resistant
  • Anxious/ avoidant
  • Disorganised.
40
Q

The majority (60%) of kids are _______ attached.

A

Securely.

41
Q

What reaction do securely attached kids have to the strange situation experiment?

A
  • Explore room happily
  • Temporarily distressed when mother leaves
  • Quickly calms down when mum comes in.
42
Q

If a child won’t explore the toys and is too attached to the mum, becomes very upset when she leaves and may lash out on mother when she returns, what category of behaviour is this?

A

Anxious/Resistant.

43
Q

Briefly explain what anxious/avoidant behaviour is.

A

Kid doesn’t give a shit, too independent from mother.

44
Q

In the strange situation test, if a child looks confused and has no consistent response, they may also move away from mum upon her return but usually are upset when she leaves, what category of behaviour is this?

A

Disorganised.

45
Q

Bowlby came up with the idea of _____ _______ models.

A

Internal working.

46
Q

What is an internal working model (Bowlby 1973)?

A

A cognitive structure holding memories of interactions with attachment figures.

47
Q

The quality of attachment relationships determines what for future relationships?

A

It determines expectations for future relationships.

48
Q

How do we form internal working models of ourselves?

A

From the way other people/mother interact with us.

49
Q

Define Deprivation.

A

Deprivation assumes that attachment has formed already but there’s loss of the attachment figure due to separation (death, divorce, child care, hospitalisation etc.).

50
Q

What does short term deprivation cause? Give examples of this.

A

Distress eg. protest, crying, can’t be comforted by any other adults etc.

51
Q

What does long term deprivation cause?

A

Separation anxiety.

52
Q

If a baby can’t see their mother why do they get so upset?

A

If she is out of sight, she is out of mind, so baby thinks mum has disappeared.

53
Q

What are the impacts of separation anxiety from long term deprivation like divorce?

A

Child can become:

  • socially detached
  • aggressive
  • clingy
  • self-sufficient
  • It can also cause low self esteem and mental health can also be affected.
54
Q

Name this:

The complete absence of an attachment figure, so attachment has never been formed.

A

Privation.

55
Q

_____ can occur for example through being raised in an orphanage.

A

Privations.

56
Q

If deprived from social contact, we can often _____ from others. This was proved by a experiment on _____ but is now deemed ________.

A

Withdraw, monkeys, unethical.

57
Q

In terms of privation, the later a child is adopted in life, the _____ it is to have good quality ____ relationships.

A

Harder, Social.

58
Q

What does Bowlby’s theory predict about the effects of Privation?

A

That it will have a long term psychological impact eg. affectionless, psychopathy etc.

59
Q

If privation occurs, often the child will have lack of ____ for others, lack of ______ and lack of ____ if they do something wrong.

A

Empathy, emotion, remorse.

60
Q

What does effects of privation show?

A

That in order for a healthy, normal development, more than just our biological needs must be satisfied.

61
Q

Bowlby said that a ____, ____ and ____ relationship with a _____ figure was necessary for a child’s mental health.

A

Warm, intimate, continuous, permanent.

62
Q

A criticism of Bowlby’s theory is that there is lack of evidence for a _______ period for attachment formation in _______.

A

Critical, humans.

63
Q

Why is there a lack of evidence for Monotropy?

A

Because babies/children can form than more than one emotional attachment eg. mother and father.

64
Q

Separation Distress can be _______.

A

Alleviated.

65
Q

Some effects of early privation are actually _______.(Suomi and Harlow 1972)

A

Reversible.

Psychology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions