Personality- Humanistic Approach Flashcards
The Humanistic view of human nature is very much a ________ one.
positive
the humanistic approach says that ______ drives are positive.
innate
What is there an importance in developing?
Self
What is there an emphasis on when regarding personality?
Free will
Innate tendencies toward growth
attempt to find meaning in existence
What is phenomenology?
The unique, first-person, conscious experience of individuals eg. subjective experience
Who is the important humanist?
Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers (1902-1987) is an influential ______ and ________.
psychotherapist, researcher
Carl Rogers- emphasis on _____.
self
What therapy did Rogers do?
Client-centred therapy
don’t judge on one part of life- focus on whole life.
Name the motivation behind humanistic theory.
Actualizing tendency
What is actualizing tendency?
The single positive force in all of us.
In actualising tendency, what are the two drives?
drive-reducing and drive-increasing
What does drive reducing reduce the need for?
hunger, sex
Drive increasing increases the need for _____ and _______.
achievement and creativity
Rogers believed that persons basically have a ______ direction.
positive
The humanistic personality structure focuses on _____ _______.
the self
What is the self also called?
the self-concept
In the self concept we _____ things and attach ____ to them.
perceive, meaning
The self is individuals overall perceptions of their _____, ______ and _________.
abilities, behaviour, personality
The self is _______ conscious.
primarily
What does primarily conscious mean?
We are aware of it- it is available to consciousness
Name a criticism of rogers’ theory (to do with data.)
The source of data is not reliable or valid.
A criticism of Roger’s theory is that he is overly ______.
optimistic
What view does Roger have on human nature?
An overly simplified view of human nature.
There are many _____ to Rogers’ theory- that he doesn’t mention.
exceptions
What does Roger play too little attention to?
The unconscious
Rogerian concepts have been criticised for being too _____ and ______.
broad, vague
Markus (1977) had more ____ humanistic theories.
modern
What did Markus (1977) come up with?
The self-schema
What is the idea behind the self-schema?
That we all have within us a sense of self, things that overlap with the self= strong sense of these, things that are further away from the self= are less important to self
Name the 3 types of self.
Actual self, Ideal self and Ought self.
what is ideal self?
The Ideal Self is our vision/image of ourselves in the future and is shaped by dreams and aspirations.
Ideal self is the _____ focus which gives us feelings of _____.
promotion, pleasure
What is the Ought self?
your representation of the attributes that someone (yourself or another) believes you should or ought to possess aka. sense of duty you need to fill a certain role in life.
The ought self is the _____ focus which can give us feelings of ____.
prevention, relief
What is the new movement?
Positive psychology
What is positive psychology?
positive psychology focuses on what’s good about ourselves rather than negatives.
A research movement that emphasises factors that make people psychologically happy, healthy or able to cope well with their life circumstances is known as ________ _________.
Positive Psychology
In positive psychology, what half of life are people interested in?
Zero to Increase of happiness (HERO) - positive half :)
Martin _____ was a positive psychologist.
Seligman
Positive psychology focuses on positive subject experiences known as ______.
states
Name two positive states.
happiness and fulfilment
Define Flow.
Energy and focus when people are fully engaged in a task.
Csikszentmihalyi 1990 came up with the idea of ____ when we are playing sport, painting etc.
flow
When we are in the zone this can be known as ____.
flow
Apart from flow, name the 3 other parts to the square.
anxiety, apathy and boredom.
If you have high skills and high challenge this will have ______.
flow.
If you have high skills and low challenge you will have ______.
boredom
If you have low skills and a high challenge you will have ______.
anxiety
If you have low skills and low challenge you will have _______.
apathy
Peterson and Seligman came up with 24 ______ ________.
character strengths
Name cluster 1- creativity, curiosity, love of learning, open-mindedness and having perspective.
wisdom and knowledge
Name cluster 2- authenticity, bravery, persistence and zest (approaching life as an adventure).
Courage
Name cluster 3- kindness, love and social intelligence
Humanitarian concerns
Name cluster 4- Fairness, leadership and team orientation
Justice
Name cluster 5- Mercy, modesty, prudence (not taking unreasonable risks) and self regulation.
Temperance
Name cluster 6- appreciation of beauty or excellence, gratitude, hope, humour and spirituality.
Transcendence
the humanistic approach has vaguely _____ ______.
defined concepts
what is a criticism of the humanistic approach regarding scientific evidence?
It is unproven, there is no scientific evidence.
The Humanistic approach believes that ____ has a crucial role in shaping behaviour.
self
Humanistic approach is the most ___ out of the 4 approaches.
positive
