selective breeding

Question 1

why are plants selectively bred

Answer 1

• disease resistance
• increase crop yields
• hardiness to weather

Question 2

example of plant selectively bred

Answer 2

wild brasica

Question 3

what is inbreeding

Answer 3

when animals who are closely related are bred together

Question 4

problems of selective breeding

Answer 4

• reduction in the gene pool
• harmful genetic defects
• being vulnerable to new diseases

Question 5

selective breeding

Answer 5

to select individuals with desirable characteristics and breed them together

Question 6

why does selective breeding have to be repeated

Answer 6

has to be repeated for many successive generations so you have a new breed

Question 7

why are cows and goats selectively bred

Answer 7

prdouce good quality meat and milk

Question 8

why are restriction enzymes used

Answer 8

to isolate the required gene, leaving it with sticky ends

Question 9

how are restriction enzymes inserted

Answer 9

bacterial plasmid is cut by the same restriction enzyme leaving it corresponding with sticky ends
- plasmid and isolated gene joined together.

Question 10

what are plasmids and isolated genes joined together by

Answer 10

DNA ligase enzyme

Question 11

what acts as vectors for genetic engineering

Answer 11

plasmid and viruses

Question 12

what do viruses and plasmids do in GM

Answer 12

Take up pieces of DNA and insert this recombinant DNA into other cells

Question 13

what do viruses transfer

Answer 13

DNA into human cells

Question 14

what do plasmid transfer

Answer 14

DNA into bacteria or yeast

Question 15

what happens when plasmid is placed into bacterial cells

Answer 15

• when bacteria reproduces the plasmids are copied.
• they can quickly spread as the bacteria multiply and makes them express the gene

Question 16

what happens after the bacteria is genetically modified

Answer 16

placed into a fermenter to reproduce quickly in controlled conditions

Question 17

what is used to cut out the human insulin gene

Answer 17

restriction enzymes

Question 18

what happens to the bacterial plasmid

Answer 18

cut by the same restriction enzyme leaving it with corresponding sticky ends

Question 19

stage 3 of producing human insulin

Answer 19

plasmid and isolated human insulin gene are joined together by the DNA ligase enzyme

Question 20

stage 4 of producing human insulin

Answer 20

GM plasmid is inserted into a bacterial cell and then bacteria divdes to produce many copies of the plasid

Question 21

why is bacteria useful for genetic engineering

Answer 21

• contain the same genetic code as organisms we are taking genes from
• produce same protein
• no ethical concerns
• easy to remove and manipulate to insert gene

Question 22

who do you genetically modify crops

Answer 22

insert foreign DNA into their genome

Question 23

how have wheat and crop plants been genetically modified

Answer 23

contain a gene that produces poison to kill insects making them resistant to pests

Question 24

one example of rice being genetically modified

Answer 24

golden rise- produces chemical that is turned into vitamin A

Question 25

Advantages of GM crops table

Answer 25

• reduce uf of chemicals
• increased yields from crops

Question 26

disadvantages of GM crops

Answer 26

• increased costs of seeds
• increased dependency on chemicals
• risk of inserted genes being transferred to wild plants by pollination

Question 27

transgenic

Answer 27

transfer of genetic material from one species to different speices